2010
DOI: 10.1097/opx.0b013e3181ff9a8b
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Adaptive Optics Retinal Imaging: Emerging Clinical Applications

Abstract: The human retina is a uniquely accessible tissue. Tools like scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provide clinicians with remarkably clear pictures of the living retina. While the anterior optics of the eye permit such non-invasive visualization of the retina and associated pathology, these same optics induce significant aberrations that in most cases obviate cellular-resolution imaging. Adaptive optics (AO) imaging systems use active optical elements to… Show more

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Cited by 151 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…The use of adaptive optics (AO) is essential for high-resolution, in vivo retinal imaging with large numerical aperture (NA) (large imaging pupil) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. AO has been combined with various ocular imaging techniques in order to achieve diffraction-limited resolution by correcting optical aberrations; fundus photography [10] and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) [11][12][13][14] are two examples of biomedical applications with AO allowing reliable imaging of cone and rod photoreceptor mosaics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of adaptive optics (AO) is essential for high-resolution, in vivo retinal imaging with large numerical aperture (NA) (large imaging pupil) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. AO has been combined with various ocular imaging techniques in order to achieve diffraction-limited resolution by correcting optical aberrations; fundus photography [10] and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) [11][12][13][14] are two examples of biomedical applications with AO allowing reliable imaging of cone and rod photoreceptor mosaics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite these setbacks, AO fundus imaging has been a major breakthrough in terms of the resolution achieved. 6 …”
Section: Adaptive Optics (Ao) Retinal Imaging Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This work was extended in 1997 by Liang and Williams, who measured the eye aberrations up to a very high order (65 Zernike modes) and were the first to close an AO loop on an eye in vivo and to obtain sharper images of a human retina [3] -see also [4,5]. In the 2000s', as noted in a 2010 review of emerging clinical applications of this technique, 'AO imaging has changed the way vision scientists and ophthalmologists see the retina, helping to clarify our understanding of retinal structure, function, and the etiology of various retinal pathologies' [6]. Existing retinal imaging AO systems use the same integral-action controller popular in astronomical AO to compute DM controls from WFS measurements.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%