In this paper, an adaptive neural output feedback control scheme is investigated for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with unmeasured states and four kinds of uncertainties including uncertain nonlinear function, dynamic disturbance, input unmodeled dynamics, and stochastic inverse dynamics. The unmeasured states are estimated by K-filters, and stochastic inverse dynamics is dealt with by constructing a changing supply function. The considered input unmodeled dynamic subsystem possesses nonlinear feature, and a dynamic normalization signal is introduced to counteract the unstable effect produced by the input unmodeled dynamics. Combining dynamic surface control technique with stochastic input-to-state stability, small-gain condition, and Chebyshev's inequality, the designed robust adaptive controller can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded in probability, and the error signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four-moment. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Let y 2 D ! 2 ˛1, thus P ! 2 D y 2 2 , v m;2 D s 2 C y 2 C˛1.