“…The performance is evaluated using the confusion matrix which includes true positive (TP), the acceptance of A, true negative (TN), the rejection of S, false negative (FN), the erroneous rejection of A, and false positive (FP), the erroneous acceptance of S. The evaluation metrics are the missed detection rate (MDR), false alarm rate (FAR), precision or positive predictive value (PPV), false discovery rate (FDR), and authentication rate (AR) (Senigagliesi et al, 2020;Abdrabou and Gulliver, 2022b):…”