Adaptive Power Management of Hierarchical Controlled Hybrid Shipboard Microgrids

Abstract

Shipboard microgrids (SMGs) are distinguished by the heavy propulsion system that can vary largely in a short time. Consequently, this variation shifts the optimum operating points of the diesel engines that leads to increase the overall emissions and operational costs. Moreover, power fluctuations caused by the dynamic loads such as propulsion motors along with the lack of cold-ironing facilities at both ends of seaports make it even worse. Therefore, the application of energy storage systems (ESSs) with proper coordination is becoming very popular for ships to improve the energy management, and thus decreases the fuel consumption. The aim of this paper is to firstly highlights different architectures of SMGs and the benefits the ESS can brings into them, then proposes an enhanced hierarchical control-based energy management scheme that is suitable for SMGs operations during an islanded and grid-connected operation. The proposed method based on the ESSs supports the diesel generators to enable them to operate in the optimum window recommended by the diesel engines company, which significantly decreases fuel consumption, operational costs, and emissions. Furthermore, to provide a linkage between SMG and the grid during port stays, conventional P −f and Q−V droop control strategy is adopted to import and export power to the seaport load or the grid for emergency purposes referred to in this study as Ship-to-X operation. The enhanced hierarchical control is capable of optimally shifting the modes for efficient and reliable operation and reducing specific fuel consumption. The performance of the proposed scheme is adopted and validated with satisfactory results of a practical hybrid SMG in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

New Horizons for Microgrids: From Rural Electrification to Space Applications

“…The coordinated strategy enables the SMGs to operate in pure electric mode, range-extended mode, and shore power mode. The authors in [35,59] proposed a modified, hierarchical control structure with multi-mode control for a hybrid SMG. The multi-mode adaptive power management strategy achieves autonomous operation during the ship's islanded and grid-connected operation.…”

“…This reduces the volume and size of SPS equipment as well as the fuel consumption. The additional advantages of dc-SMGs are well defined in the literature [35,36,45,46], and there is already uptake by commercial maritime power and propulsion companies. Table 3 summarizes the main contributions in recent literature focusing on dc-SMGs.…”

Endurance Driven Energy Management System for All-Electric Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicle

“…The approach is more focused on regulating Bus voltage and doesn't consider the EMS plan to ensure endurance. Similarly, the authors in [11] discuss the EMS for onboard ship microgrid. The EMS manages power in both grid connected and islanded mode by balancing and sharing proportionate power using hierarchical droop control, however, does not consider the FCs integration.…”

A Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Wind/Photovoltaic/Diesel/Storage Microgrids

“…Its control requirements include system stability, response speed, and fault tolerance. Hierarchical control is the main method used for microgrids, and its control technology has become increasingly mature, with studies [4][5][6][7] adopting a hierarchical control structure for microgrids, primary control mainly using droop control to achieve stabilization of the microgrid output voltage and frequency, secondary control compensating for the drop caused by droop control, and the tertiary control carrying out the economic dispatch and energy management.…”