“…The poor performance of the RED algorithm can be related with its linear drop function, that tends to be extremely aggressive when traffic load is low and not aggressive enough at high loads (Bonald, T., et al, 2015 andKorolkova, A., et al, 2019). To address the weakness of RED, several improved variants of RED were developed, such as Gentle RED (Floyd S., 2000), Adaptive RED (Floyd, S., et al, 2001), Double Slope RED (Zheng, B., 2006), Nonlinear RED (Zhou, K., et al, 2006) Autonomous RED (Ho, H. J., & Lin, W. M., 2008), Cautious Adaptive (Tahiliani, M. P., et al, 2011), Improved Nonlinear RED (Zhang et al, 2012, Three Section RED (Feng, C., et al, 2014), Adaptive queue management with random dropping (Karmeshu et al, 2017), Change Trend Queue Management (Tang, L. & Tan, Y., 2019), Quadratic RED (Kumhar, D., et al, 2021), Quadratic Exponential RED (Hassan, S., et al, 2023), etc. Despite all of these improvements, whenever there is changes in the traffic load, the impact of congestion control will be significantly impacted.…”