Adaptive Radiation and Genetic Differentiation in the Hawaiian Silversword Alliance (Compositae: Madiinae)

Witter, Martha S.; Carr, Gerald D.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04187.x

Cited by 114 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Morphological (quantitative) characters are expected to diverge more rapidly in isolated populations than are gene frequencies detected by electrophoresis (Lewontin 1984;Helenurm & Ganders 1985;Lowry & Crawford 1985, Crawford et al 1987Crawford & Whitkus 1988;Witter & Carr 1988). Consequently, we expect that divergence associated with geographic isolation will be more manifest in quantitative characters (MerreU 1981; Schwaegerle et al 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

When Are Peripheral Populations Valuable for Conservation?

Lesica

Allendorf

1995

Conservation Biology

917

749

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A great deal of effort is spent protecting geographically peripheral populations of widespread species. We consider under what conditions it is appropriate to expend resources to protect these populations. The conservation value of peripheral populations depends upon their genetic divergence from other conspecific populations. Peripheral populations are expected to diverge from central populations as a result of the interwoven effects of isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection. Available empirical evidence suggests that peripheral populations are often genetically and morphologically divergent from central populations. The long‐term conservation of species is likely to depend upon the protection of genetically distinct populations. In addition, peripheral populations are potentially important sites of future speciation events. Under some circumstances, conservation of peripheral populations may be beneficial to the protection of the evolutionary process and the environmental systems that are likely to generate future evolutionary diversity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

When Are Peripheral Populations Valuable for Conservation?

Lesica

Allendorf

1995

Conservation Biology

917

749

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“…So far, we have described how ecological opportunity leads to ecological release, diversification and speciationadaptive radiations are simply aggregates of many instances of adaptive divergence and speciation, occurring rapidly (Schluter, 2000). Adaptive radiations have been identified at all levels in the tree of life and in taxa ranging from angiosperms (Stebbins, 1970;Davies et al, 2004) to tetrapods (Guyer & Slowinski, 1993), and in island examples including Hawaii (Zimmerman, 1970;Witter & Carr, 1988), the Caribbean (Losos, 1994) and the Galapagos (Grant & Grant, 2002a). Levels of phenotypic variation among species in these radiating clades are comparatively easy to explain given known levels of trait heritability and the strength of selection in natural populations (Harmon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Adaptive Radiation Into Many Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations

Yoder

Clancey

Roches

et al. 2010

J of Evolutionary Biology

591

629

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Ecological opportunity – through entry into a new environment, the origin of a key innovation or extinction of antagonists – is widely thought to link ecological population dynamics to evolutionary diversification. The population‐level processes arising from ecological opportunity are well documented under the concept of ecological release. However, there is little consensus as to how these processes promote phenotypic diversification, rapid speciation and adaptive radiation. We propose that ecological opportunity could promote adaptive radiation by generating specific changes to the selective regimes acting on natural populations, both by relaxing effective stabilizing selection and by creating conditions that ultimately generate diversifying selection. We assess theoretical and empirical evidence for these effects of ecological opportunity and review emerging phylogenetic approaches that attempt to detect the signature of ecological opportunity across geological time. Finally, we evaluate the evidence for the evolutionary effects of ecological opportunity in the diversification of Caribbean Anolis lizards. Some of the processes that could link ecological opportunity to adaptive radiation are well documented, but others remain unsupported. We suggest that more study is required to characterize the form of natural selection acting on natural populations and to better describe the relationship between ecological opportunity and speciation rates.

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“…For example, while early studies had relied on patterns of ploidy in plants (e.g. Gardner 1976) and of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila (Carson 1970), methods such as DNA-DNA hybridization started to be used in birds (Sibley and Ahlquist 1982) and Drosophila (Triantaphyllidis and Richardson 1982), and allozyme electrophoresis both in plants (Helenurm and Ganders 1985;Lowrey and Crawford 1985;Witter and Carr 1988;Aradhya et al 1993) and flies (Carson 1982).…”

Section: Balance Between Natural and Sexual Selection And Genetic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification

Gillespie

2015

Evolutionary Applications

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Research on the dynamics of biodiversity has progressed tremendously over recent years, although in two separate directions – ecological, to determine change over space at a given time, and evolutionary, to understand change over time. Integration of these approaches has remained elusive. Archipelagoes with a known geological chronology provide an opportunity to study ecological interactions over evolutionary time. Here, I focus on the Hawaiian archipelago and summarize the development of ecological and evolutionary research; I emphasize spiders because they have attributes allowing analysis of ecological affinities in concert with diversification. Within this framework, I highlight recent insights from the island chronosequence, in particular the importance of (i) selection and genetic drift in generating diversity; (ii) fusion and fission in fostering diversification; and (iii) variability upon which selection can act. Insights into biodiversity dynamics at the nexus of ecology and evolution are now achievable by integrating new tools, in particular (i) ecological metrics (interaction networks, maximum entropy inference) across the chronosequence to uncover community dynamics and (ii) genomic tools to understand contemporaneous microevolutionary change. The work can inform applications of invasion and restoration ecology by elucidating the importance of changes in abundances, interaction strengths, and rates of evolutionary response in shaping biodiversity.

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Adaptive Radiation and Genetic Differentiation in the Hawaiian Silversword Alliance (Compositae: Madiinae)

Cited by 114 publications

References 45 publications

When Are Peripheral Populations Valuable for Conservation?

When Are Peripheral Populations Valuable for Conservation?

Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations

Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification

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