Adaptive Radiation of Mechanoreception

Markl, Hubert

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3363-0_13

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Mechanoreceptive setae along the antennules enable the copepod to detect fluid flow.1 By bending setae, water flow is transduced into a neural signal and detected by the copepod ). Transduction appears to be facilitated by microtubular structures (Horridge & Boulton 1967;Strickler & Bal 1973;Markl 1978;Friedman 1980;Dourdeville 1981;French 1988;Weatherby et al 1994). Physiological evidence shows that even submicrometer displacements of antennular setae generate receptor potentials transmitted along the antennule .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advertisement and Concealment in the Plankton: What Makes a Copepod Hydrodynamically Conspicuous?

Yen¹,

Strickler²

1996

Invertebrate Biology

137

118

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Euchaeta rimana, a pelagic marine copepod, roams a 3-dimensional environment and its antennular setal sensors are oriented to detect water-borne signals in 3 dimensions. When the copepod moves through water or moves water around itself, it creates a fluid disturbance distinct from the ambient fluid motion. As it swims and hovers, the copepod's laminar feeding current takes the unstable nature of small-scale turbulence, organizes it, and makes the local domain a familiar territory within which signals can be specified in time and space. The streamlines betray both the 3-dimensional spatial location (x, y, z) as well as the time (t) separating a signal caught in the feeding current and the copepod receptor-giving the copepod early warning of the approach of a prey, predator, or mate. The copepod reduces the complexity of its environment by fixing information from a turbulent field into a simpler, more defined laminar field. We quantitatively analysed small-scale fluid deformations created by copepods to document the strength of the signal. Physiological and behavioral tests confirm (a) that these disturbances are relevant signals transmitting information between zooplankters and (b) that hydrodynamically conspicuous structures, such as feeding currents, wakes, and vibrations, elicit specific responses from copepods. Since fluid mechanical signals do elicit responses, copepods shape their fluid motion to advertise or to conceal their hydrodynamic presence. When swimming, a copepod barely leaves a trace in the water; the animal generates its flow and advances into the area from which the water is taken, covering up its tracks with the velocity gradient it creates around itself. When escaping, it sheds conspicuous vortices. Prey caught in a flow field expose their location by hopping. These escape hops shed jet-like wakes detected by copepod mechanoreceptors. Copepods recognize the wakes and respond adaptively.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advertisement and Concealment in the Plankton: What Makes a Copepod Hydrodynamically Conspicuous?

Yen¹,

Strickler²

1996

Invertebrate Biology

137

118

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“…Epicritic sensations detect gentle contact of the skin and source localization, vibrations (amplitude and frequency), textures (spatial details that allow for two close points to be discriminated), and shapes. Protopathic senses detect pain, temperature, and some crude touch (Markl, 1977;Kalman and Csillag, 2005). Epicritic senses use mechanoreceptors to communicate discriminant touch and locomotor sensations to the brain (Kandel et al, 2000;Kalman and Csillag, 2005).…”

Section: Tactile Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoreceptivity of Prehensile Tail Skin Varies Between Ateline and Cebine Primates

Organ

Muchlinski

Deane

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Prehensile tails evolved independently twice in primates: once in the ateline subfamily of platyrrhine primates and once in the genus Cebus. Structurally, the prehensile tails of atelines and Cebus share morphological features distinguishing them from nonprehensile tails (e.g., robust and strong caudal vertebrae, well developed lateral tail musculature, etc.). However, because of their independent evolutionary histories, the prehensile tails of atelines exhibit some differences from the Cebus prehensile tail. Ateline tails are relatively longer than those of Cebus, and they have less well-developed extensor compartment musculature. However, perhaps the most obvious difference is the distinctive hairless friction pad on the ventrodistal surface of the ateline tail; the tail of Cebus is completely covered in hair. This study documents the presence of four epicritic histologic mechanoreceptors in the friction pad of atelines: Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel discs. Ruffini corpuscles and Merkel cells were also identified in the ventrodistal skin of the Cebus tail. However, Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles (not typically associated with hairy skin) were not found in Cebus. Cebus was also compared to its closest living sister taxon, nonprehensile-tailed Saimiri, in which genus only Ruffini corpuscles are observed (no Merkel discs). The differences in mechanoreceptor type and morphology are attributed to the contrasting behavioral and tactile demands of the tail as it is used in posture and locomotion, which also distinguishes atelines from Cebus.

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“…These are two main mechanisms that transfer somatosensory impulses from the skin. Protopathic sensation carries coarse stimuli, thus detecting discomfort, heat and crude touch (Kalman & Csillag, 2005; Markl, 1977). Epicritic sensations carry accurately localized sensations and provide qualitative information about the stimulus (Bigley, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Meissner‐like corpuscle and evolutionary ecology of mammalian somatosensory acuity

Bhat,

Bashir,

Jan

et al. 2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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The mammalian snout has Meissner's corpuscles (MCs), which transmit epicritic sensations as the animal explores its surroundings. To comprehend the somatosensory acuity in mammals, we examined the structural organization and density of bovine Meissner‐like corpuscles (BMLCs) at various ages and compared the changes with other mammalian MCs. The skin from the snout of cows or oxen (2–11 years old) was obtained and processed through routine histological technique. Five‐μm thick sections were prepared, silver stained according to the Bielschowsky technique as modified by Winkelman and Schmidt (Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1957, 217), and observed under a compound light microscope quantitatively and qualitatively. The glabrous skin of the cow snout consisted of two types of BMLCs: One was a cylindrical or elongated structure found in the dermal papillae. The other type was spherical and developed in the superficial layers of the epidermis. BMLCs consisted of both coarse and fine nerve fibres. In the young, the corpuscle comprised thin nerve fibres with indistinct cell outlines. In adults, nerve fibres in the corpuscles were closely packed, and networks, varicosities and end bulbs were well developed. With advancing age, the MCs attenuated into a disorganized mass of nerve fibres. The bovine snout is a highly evolved somatosensory organ due to its rich nerve supply and functionally resembles the anthropoid fingertip. Somatosensory acuity will be lower in the glabrous bovine skin than in primate glabrous skin of the fingertip, as the nerve terminals within the BMLCs are less elaborate in content and structural complexity.

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Adaptive Radiation of Mechanoreception

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

Advertisement and Concealment in the Plankton: What Makes a Copepod Hydrodynamically Conspicuous?

Advertisement and Concealment in the Plankton: What Makes a Copepod Hydrodynamically Conspicuous?

Mechanoreceptivity of Prehensile Tail Skin Varies Between Ateline and Cebine Primates

Bovine Meissner‐like corpuscle and evolutionary ecology of mammalian somatosensory acuity

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