The concept of adaptive regression is useful because it emphasizes that regression can be adaptive, but is misleading in suggesting that adaptive regressions are a discrete and unitary set of phenomena. Recently, writers have stated that primary process and creativity are not regressive, but these ideas imply an implausibly sharp break between regressive and adaptive phenomena, and are contradicted by empirical observations. Regression may be adaptive in a variety of ways: It may be chosen and used for communication or for privately adaptive ends, or it may occur unbidden, but nevertheless, be used for communication or privately adaptive ends. A more meaningful question than "Is regression adaptive or maladaptive," is "How is regression adaptive, maladaptive, or both?" but a quality found in a wide range of phenomena.Adaptive regressions are processes wherein regressive experiences are motivated and/or used to improve adaptation. The concept of adaptive regression is important because the use of regression for adaptation has been only insecurely recognized by psychoanalysis; as I indicate in this article, it was recognized as early as Freud, but remains arguable by some current writers. Despite its importance in this way, however, the concept of adaptive regression is misleading in implying that adaptive regression is a discrete category of experience, which does not need to be differentiated further internally, and that may be differentiated clearly from maladaptive regressions. In this article, I point out that there are different ways in which regressions may be adaptive, and that adaptive regression should be considered not a type of phenomenon, but a quality found in a wide range of phenomena.I use "adaptive regression" as including processes that have alternatively been called "regression in the service of the ego." Originally meant to account for creativity and aesthetic sensitivity (Kris, 1952), the concept has been ex-Requests for reprints should be sent to