Adaptive self-aligning, bi-directional interconnection using double phase conjugation in Rh:BaTiO3

Petriş, A.; Damzen, M. J.; Vlad, V. I.

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01367-6

Cited by 7 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The maximum phase conjugate reflectivity obtained in this experiment was 121% for input beams ratio of 4.25, with a 29% coupling transmission efficiency [85]. These parameters are probably the best in all experiments for bi-directional coupling of incoherent laser beams by phase conjugation in Rh:BaTiO 3 crystals, using a similar configuration [84] or bird-wing configuration [89].…”

Section: Phase Conjugate Reflectivity and The Coupling Transmission Ementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Here, results of a study [85] on adaptive interconnection of two lasers using DPC in Rh:BaTiO 3 crystals are presented.…”

Section: Double Phase Conjugation (Dpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the notations used in Figure (13a) for the beams, these parameters are defined as the following ratios of the corresponding beam powers: P A1 (0), P A2 (l) are the powers of the input beams A1 and A2, incident on the opposite sides of the crystal, and P A3 (0), P A4 (l) are the powers of the conjugated beams A3 and A4, respectively. An experimental set-up, used to study the interconnection of two low power He-Ne or diode lasers, which are mutually-incoherent, by DPC, in Rh:BaTiO 3 , is shown in Figure (13b) [85]. The input beams, A1 and A2, are e-polarized to take advantage of the maximum electro-optic coefficient of the crystal.…”

Section: Efficient Adaptive Coupling Of Two Lasers By Dpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A shutter (EMS) is used to switch on and off the beam A1. The Rh:BaTiO 3 crystal used in [85] had the dimensions 5 × 5 × 5 mm with a 400 ppm Rh doping concentration. The small signal absorption coefficient, measured with a low intensity e-polarized probe beam, was α o = 1.4 cm -1 .…”

Section: Efficient Adaptive Coupling Of Two Lasers By Dpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 14, the time evolution of the conjugated beam (A4) power, for different input beam (A2) powers is shown [85].…”

Section: Phase Conjugate Reflectivity and The Coupling Transmission Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Waveguides and Gratings in Photorefractive Crystals

Vlad

Fazio

Damzen

et al.

Photo-Excited Processes, Diagnostics and Applications

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This chapter is an overview of the photorefractive effect, the important photorefractive nonlinear processes and common photorefractive materials. In Section 2, the formation of steadystate spatial solitons by laser beam propagation through photorefractive crystals (PRC) with optical activity and absorption is theoretically and experimentally described. The spatial soliton features, which characterize the dynamic waveguide built in PRC, are analyzed. The soliton polarisation dynamics reaches a stable behavior under high external electric fields. Two-wave mixing and self-diffraction in dynamic harmonic and inharmonic gratings, induced by lasers in PRC, are presented in Section 3. The diffraction efficiency and beam amplification can reach high values, with promising potential in optical interconnections and storage. Dynamic and adaptive gratings by double phase conjugation (DPC) in PRC are discussed in Section 4. High phase conjugated reflectivity, high coupling transmission efficiency and robust interconnections of mutually incoherent lasers are achieved in DPC using Rh:BaTiO 3 crystals. Overview of the photorefractive effect and materials Photoexcited processes in photorefractive crystals (PRC)The photorefractive effect is a process, in which the refractive index of an optical material is changed, when illuminated by light. The photorefractive effect is commonly understood by the band transport model [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. According to this model, a photorefractive material contains deep and shallow levels in the forbidden bandgap due to impurities or defects in that material. In Figure 1, this model is illustrated for the case of a deep level associated with a donor and the shallow level-trap, to an acceptor. It is assumed that the donor concentration is greater than the acceptor, such as when the shallow acceptors are completely filled by electrons.It is also assumed that the donor level is deep in the bandgap and consequently, the thermal excitation is neglected.When the photorefractive material is illuminated by light with a high photon energy, the deep donors are photoionized and free carriers are raised into the conduction band. If additionally, nonuniform light distributions, such as focused laser beams or intensity interference patterns are used, the free electrons move into the conduction band by diffusion, drift and photovoltaic transport processes. Another important process in these materials is the recombination of the free carriers with CHAPTER 3

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Section: Phase Conjugate Reflectivity and The Coupling Transmission Ementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Here, results of a study [85] on adaptive interconnection of two lasers using DPC in Rh:BaTiO 3 crystals are presented.…”

Section: Double Phase Conjugation (Dpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficient Adaptive Coupling Of Two Lasers By Dpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficient Adaptive Coupling Of Two Lasers By Dpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 14, the time evolution of the conjugated beam (A4) power, for different input beam (A2) powers is shown [85].…”

Section: Phase Conjugate Reflectivity and The Coupling Transmission Ementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Waveguides and Gratings in Photorefractive Crystals

Vlad

Fazio

Damzen

et al.

Photo-Excited Processes, Diagnostics and Applications

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Lasers

Photonics

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The LASER light source, whose name is based on "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", is the most important device in almost all photonic applications. First built in 1960 [6.1-6.5] it allows the generation of light with properties not available from natural light sources. Modern commercially available laser systems allow output powers of up to 10 20 W for short times with good beam quality and of several kW in continuos operation, usually with less good beam quality. Very short pulses with durations smaller than 5 · 10 −15 s, wavelengths from a few nm in the XUV to the far IR with several 10 µm, pulse energies of up to 10 4 J and frequency stability's and resolutions of better 10 −13 can be generated. The laser prices range from $ 1 to many millions of dollars and their size from less than a cubic mm to the dimensions of large buildings.The good coherence and beam quality of laser light in combination with high powers and short pulses are the basis for many nonlinear interactions, but the laser is a highly nonlinear optical device itself, using nonlinear properties of materials as described in the previous chapters. Therefore, the fundamental laws treated in Chap. 2 for the description of light as well as the description of linear and nonlinear interactions of light with matter in Chaps. 3, 4 and 5 are the basis for the analysis of laser operation and its light properties. Therefore, the theoretical description of laser devices represents an application of these laws and can be presented in this chapter in a compact form. For details the related sections of the previous chapters should be consulted. The different lasers and their constructions, as well as the resulting relevant light and operation parameters, are described and the consequences for photonic applications are discussed. Finally, possible classifications are given and safety aspects are mentioned. For further reading see [M6, M16, M17, M23-M25, M27, M28, M30, M33, M43, M44, M49, M50, M58-M65].

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