Adaptive steganography based on integer wavelet transform using block standard deviation

Keshavarzi, Behbod; Zarpak, Behnam; Javadi, Seyed Hamid Haj Seyed; Jandaghi, Gholam Reza

doi:10.1080/02522667.2018.1522797

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the special domain, in addition to the bargaining method, a faster algorithm was proposed for graph coloring, which is much faster than the previous algorithm in [1]. As in the algorithms that have been studied as the cases study, with the least change in the structure of the algorithm, according to Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, higher security can be achieved than the previous method proposed in [1] [12]. In order to prove the improvement in the proposed methods, in general, three well-known methods were examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image blocking takes place in both the special domain and the transform domain. In this paper, two steganography methods are selected, one of which is in the special domain [1], and the other in the transform domain [12], and the initial parameters are determined according to the bargain game model.…”

Section: Block Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keshavarzi and et.al [12] proposed a new method in embedding massage based on integer wavelet transform using block standard deviation. In the first step, three levels of integer wavelet transform are taken on the image, and in the second step, confidential message is stored in the middle frequencies so that it is divided into 2 × 2 blocks and stored within a selected threshold within the selected block.…”

Section: Transform Domain Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PS NR i is PSNR i-th block. In this case, PSNR and capacity are according to Keshavarzi and et.al [12].…”

Section: Transform Domain Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were performed based on the proposed method on famous gray scale images with different dimensions such as 128 × 128, 256 × 256 and 512 × 512. In this analysis, which compares the original image and the coded image based on psnr, the results were compared with Keshavarzi and et.al [12], and the results are compared in terms of PSNR and capacityin in Table 3.…”

Section: Security Of Steganographicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive Steganography Based on bargain Game

Keshavarzi¹,

Navidi²,

Asghari³

et al. 2021

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The capacity and security of the confidential message on the channel are two important challenges in steganography. In this paper, a new block steganography model is presented using the bargain method so that a competitive model is introduced. In this game, the blocks are the same players. The bargain is provided with the aim of embedding information without reducing capacity as well as increasing security. The proposed model shows that it can be used both of the special domain and the transform domain, which are two important methods of steganography. For this purpose, an example of a special domain model is introduced in which, In the first step, the image is divided into n × n blocks, and in the second step using the graph coloring algorithm, pixels are considered to embed confidential information in each block. In the third step, regarding the bargaining method in game theory, each block plays the role of a player, that the competition between players is based on the defined goal function, and in the best blocks in terms of two criteria of capacity and security, which here means each block has a higher security-to-capacity ratio, so it has a higher priority, which is determined based on the bargaining model. Also, information embedded in LSB two bits. An example of a conversion domain method is also shows that security increases without decreasing in capacity. The conclusion is evaluated by three criteria: PSNR, histogram, and − secure also, 2000 standard images were evaluated and observed that the proposed method improves the block methods of embedding information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Block Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transform Domain Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PS NR i is PSNR i-th block. In this case, PSNR and capacity are according to Keshavarzi and et.al [12].…”

Section: Transform Domain Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Security Of Steganographicmentioning

confidence: 99%