Adaptive structural reorientation: Developing extraordinary mechanical properties by constrained flexibility in natural materials

Liu, Zengqian; Zhang, Yanyan; Zhang, Mingyang; Tan, Guoqi; Zhu, Yansong; Zhang, Zhefeng; Ritchie, Robert O.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.010

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…11 ). Although deviations may arise as a result of the possible interfacial shearing between constituents or their reorientation during deformation 18 , 58 , the above theoretical results offer some guidance for tailoring the mechanical properties of the bioinspired composites by manipulating their architectures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the damage tolerance of 3-D printed Mg-Ti interpenetrating-phase composites with bioinspired architectures

et al. 2022

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Bioinspired architectures are effective in enhancing the mechanical properties of materials, yet are difficult to construct in metallic systems. The structure-property relationships of bioinspired metallic composites also remain unclear. Here, Mg-Ti composites were fabricated by pressureless infiltrating pure Mg melt into three-dimensional (3-D) printed Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. The result was composite materials where the constituents are continuous, mutually interpenetrated in 3-D space and exhibit specific spatial arrangements with bioinspired brick-and-mortar, Bouligand, and crossed-lamellar architectures. These architectures promote effective stress transfer, delocalize damage and arrest cracking, thereby bestowing improved strength and ductility than composites with discrete reinforcements. Additionally, they activate a series of extrinsic toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection/twist and uncracked-ligament bridging, which enable crack-tip shielding from the applied stress and lead to “Γ”-shaped rising fracture resistance R-curves. Quantitative relationships were established for the stiffness and strengths of the composites by adapting classical laminate theory to incorporate their architectural characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the damage tolerance of 3-D printed Mg-Ti interpenetrating-phase composites with bioinspired architectures

et al. 2022

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“…In both these cases, the collagen fibrils are mineralized and initially straight, whereas in the skin they are unmineralized, initially curvy and highly disordered, but their straightening, stretching, rotation and sliding serves to efficiently consume energy. The rotation mechanism is an example of adaptive structural reorientation which is often found in natural materials [21]; here it recruits collagen fibrils into alignment with the tension axis at which they are maximally strong to carry load or can accommodate shape change (e.g. blunting a tear); the straightening allows for strain uptake without much stress increase, stretching and sliding induces further energy dissipation during inelastic deformation.…”

Section: Toughening In Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening materials: enhancing resistance to fracture

Ritchie

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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It has been said that ‘God invented plasticity, but the Devil invented fracture!’ Both mechanisms represent the two prime modes of structural failure, respectively, plastic collapse and the rupture/breaking of a component, but the concept of developing materials with enhanced resistance to fracture can be difficult. This is because fracture resistance invariably involves a compromise—between strength and ductility, between strength and toughness—fundamentally leading to a ‘conflict’ between nano-/micro-structural damage and the mechanisms of toughening. Here, we examine the two major classes of such toughening: (i) intrinsic toughening , which occurs ahead of a crack tip and is motivated by plasticity—this is the principal mode of fracture resistance in ductile materials, and (ii) extrinsic toughening , which occurs at, or in the wake of, a crack tip and is associated with crack-tip shielding—this is generally the sole mode of fracture resistance in brittle materials. We briefly examine how these distinct mechanistic processes have been used to toughen synthetic materials—intrinsically in gradient materials and in multiple principal-element metallic alloys with the example of metallic glasses and high-entropy alloys, and extrinsically in ceramics with the example of ceramic-matrix composites—in comparison to Nature which has been especially adept in creating biological/natural materials which are toughened by one or both mechanistic classes, despite often consisting of constituents with meagre mechanical properties. The success of Nature has been driven by its ability to cultivate the development of materials with multiple length-scale hierarchical structures that display ingenious gradients and structural adaptability, a philosophy which we need to emulate and more importantly learn to synthesize to make structural materials of the future with unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘A cracking approach to inventing new tough materials: fracture stranger than friction’.

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“…Constituted by parenchymal cells and vascular bundles, bamboo is a fast-growing natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio and unique natural hierarchical structure 5 , 23 . Highly oriented cellulose fibrils in bamboo cells provide stiffness, whereas the hemicellulose cell walls form the interfaces 24 , 25 . However, the uneven distribution of fibers, which can lead to the asymmetric flexural behavior of bamboo, can limit its future application 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials

Luo

Guan

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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High-performance, fast-growing natural materials with sustainable and functional features currently arouse significant attention. Here, facile processing, involving delignification, in situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 and pressure densification, is employed to transform natural bamboo into a high-performance structural material. The resulting TiO2-decorated densified bamboo exhibits high flexural strength and elastic stiffness, with both properties more than double that of natural bamboo. Real-time acoustic emission reveals the key role of the TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the flexural properties. The introduction of nanoscale TiO2 is found to markedly increase the degree of oxidation and the formation of hydrogen bonds in bamboo materials, leading to extensive interfacial failure between the microfibers, a micro-fibrillation process that results in substantial energy consumption and high fracture resistance. This work furthers the strategy of the synthetic reinforcement of fast-growing natural materials, which could lead to the expanded applications of sustainable materials for high-performance structural applications.

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Adaptive structural reorientation: Developing extraordinary mechanical properties by constrained flexibility in natural materials

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

On the damage tolerance of 3-D printed Mg-Ti interpenetrating-phase composites with bioinspired architectures

On the damage tolerance of 3-D printed Mg-Ti interpenetrating-phase composites with bioinspired architectures

Toughening materials: enhancing resistance to fracture

Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials

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