Adaptive Unit Protection for Lines Connecting Large Solar Plants Using Incremental Current Ratio

Chowdhury, Arghadeep; Paladhi, Subhadeep; Pradhan, Ashok Kumar

doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3107331

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The Thevenin's equivalent of the grid is represented using a voltage source (E 1Gpre ) with an internal impedance (Z 1G ) in series. The grid following converter connecting solar plant is represented with a dependent current source (I 1Spre ) in parallel with a high impedance (Z 1P V ) [21]. The solar plant is connected to bus M with the positive sequence transformer impedance Z 1tr .…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonunit Protection of Parallel Lines Connecting Solar Photovoltaic Plants

Chowdhury

Paladhi

Pradhan

2023

IEEE Systems Journal

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Fault current control by solar plant converters introduces different fault characteristics compared to conventional synchronous generator based systems resulting in numerous issues to the available protection methods. In this paper, the issues with conventional distance relaying is analyzed while protecting parallel lines connecting solar plant to grid and a new protection method is proposed using local voltage and current data. The proposed non-unit protection method derives positive sequence reactive powers for both lines for different solar plant operating conditions and uses their difference to ensure correct zone-1 protection. For faults during single circuit operation, the method includes an additional scheme comprising of instantaneous zerosequence overcurrent check and delayed distance relaying to derive correct protection decision. Performance of the proposed non-unit protection method is tested for parallel lines connecting solar plant in a 39-bus test system for different situations using PSCAD/EMTDC simulated data and found to be accurate. Comparative assessment reveals the high reliability of the proposed method.

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Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X 1L , X eq F and R eq F in (21) being always positive, a relation is derived in (22), which is valid for all symmetrical and asymmetrical faults.…”

Section: A Identification Of Zone-1 Fault In Parallel Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonunit Protection of Parallel Lines Connecting Solar Photovoltaic Plants

Chowdhury

Paladhi

Pradhan

2023

IEEE Systems Journal

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“…Investigations of LCD protection in the presence of CIS have been presented in [8][9][10][11]. In [8,9], characteristics of the converter fault current using a dual sequence current controller with different control objectives are analysed, which demonstrate that fault conditions and control objectives could both influence the fault current angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] and [11] present mathematical expressions for representing fault contributions from the CIS and the grid into an LCD operating characteristic, under the assumption of a relatively strong grid-side fault contribution. In [10], the mathematical expression for the CIS current references under different control strategies are derived, while in [11] the controlled nature of CIS fault waveforms are represented as a voltage dependent current source in parallel with a variable impedance. It was demonstrated that the line length, CIS capacity, fault location and fault severity could all influence the performance of the LCD protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability assessment of line current differential protection in converter–dominated power systems

et al. 2022

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Line current differential (LCD) protection is traditionally considered to be highly dependable and secure. However, the increasing penetration of converter interfaced sources (CIS) (e.g. wind, PV, HVDC systems, etc.) could significantly reduce the system fault level and change the fault characteristics, thus presenting challenges to the reliable operation of LCD protection. In this paper, the impact of the integration of CIS on LCD performance is investigated comprehensively. Analytical expressions representing LCD relay operation in the presence of converter-driven fault currents and weak infeed conditions have been developed. A test network, comprising of a CIS model equipped with a typical converter fault-ride through strategy that is compliant with the GB Grid Code, has been built in a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Simulations of LCD performance for different fault and system conditions are performed and presented. It is demonstrated that the dependability of the LCD relay can be compromised during internal phase-to-phase faults. The results also show that with the synchronous generation being displaced by CIS, the increasing CIS penetration and fault contribution from the CIS can lead to an increased phase angle difference between the fault currents contributed from the two ends of the protected line, which will increase the risk of the compromised protection performance.

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“…Numerous control options, embedded in the converters meeting different requirements for reliable power system operation, compel such sources to respond differently compared to conventional synchronous generators during fault [2]. The growing rate of relay maloperation following renewable integration impels to revisit every aspect associated with protection decisions [3][4][5][6]. Faulted phase selection is such a task, which is essential in deriving protection decisions like auto-reclosing, distance relaying, single-pole-tripping, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive faulted phase selection for lines connecting converter-based sources

2022

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Renewable sources with numerous converter-control operations introduce dynamic fault signatures in the network. Such nonhomogeneous situations result in maloperation of available phase selection methods at times, which may further lead to incorrect protection decisions and affect system resilience. In this paper, an adaptive phase selection method is proposed for lines connecting converter-based sources. Phase selection zones are formed based on the relations between faulted path sequence currents, which are unique to each fault type and remain independent of system conditions. The method uses local voltage and current data to compute an adaptive phase shift for selection zones and calculate an index based on signal availability for deriving decisions. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a renewable integrated 9-bus system using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and found to be accurate and independent of converter-control operations, source types, and system conditions.

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Adaptive Unit Protection for Lines Connecting Large Solar Plants Using Incremental Current Ratio

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Nonunit Protection of Parallel Lines Connecting Solar Photovoltaic Plants

Nonunit Protection of Parallel Lines Connecting Solar Photovoltaic Plants

Vulnerability assessment of line current differential protection in converter–dominated power systems

Adaptive faulted phase selection for lines connecting converter-based sources

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