Adaptive wavefront shaping for controlling nonlinear multimode interactions in optical fibres

Tzang, Omer; Caravaca-Aguirre, Antonio M.; Wagner, Kelvin; Piestun, Rafael

doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0167-7

Cited by 136 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…5(e) shows a far field image of the fiber output during GLV optimization where a selected speckle is enhanced. The real time, high-speed control, is critical for maintaining a focus at the output of a rapidly moving fiber [10], for in-vivo imaging [17], or for controlling nonlinearities in MMFs [18]. Note that the speckles after the thin diffuser appear elongated as seen in Fig.5 (b,d) while at the fiber output, Fig.5(e), the speckles appear isotropic as expected from the random-media 1D-to-2D transform theory explained above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavefront shaping in complex media with a 350 kHz modulator via a 1D-to-2D transform

et al. 2019

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Controlling the propagation and interaction of light in complex media has sparked major interest in the last few years. Unfortunately, spatial light modulation devices suffer from limited speed that precludes real-time applications such as imaging in live tissue. To address this critical problem we introduce a phase-control technique to characterize complex media based on the use of fast 1D spatial light modulators and a 1D-to-2D transformation performed by the same medium being analyzed. We implement the concept using a micro-electro-mechanical grating light valve (GLV) with 1088 degrees of freedom modulated at 350 KHz, enabling unprecedented high-speed wavefront measurements. We continuously measure the transmission matrix, calculate the optimal wavefront and project a focus through various dynamic scattering samples in real-time, all within 2.4 ms per cycle. These results improve prior wavefront shaping modulation speed by more than an order of magnitude and open new opportunities for optical processing using 1D-to-2D transformations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavefront shaping in complex media with a 350 kHz modulator via a 1D-to-2D transform

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, graded-index multimode fibers (GRIN MMFs), thanks to their reduced modal dispersion which permits relatively long interaction lengths among the guided modes, were found to host a rich variety of spatiotemporal dynamical effects [1][2][3]. Among these, we may cite multimode solitons [4], ultra-wideband spectral sideband series generation from either oscillating multimode solitons [1,5] or quasi continuous-wave (CW) pulses (also known as geometric parametric instability, GPI) [6][7][8][9], intermodal four-wave mixing (IMFWM) [10,11], beam self-cleaning in passive [7,8,12,13] and active MMFs [14], supercontinuum generation [15,16], spatio-temporal mode-locking [17,18], and wavefront shaping control of frequency conversion processes [19], to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of classical optical waves in a fiber, where the role of time is replaced by the fiber length and propagation constants play the role of energy levels, the corresponding shift of propagation constants has direct consequences on phase-matching of four-wave mixing, hence on spatial and spectral properties of waves scattered through parametric processes. In the context of multimode nonlinear parametric sideband generation, it was recently pointed out that an imperfect parabolic shape could lead to splitting of propagation constants within nearly degenerate mode groups [26]. Moreover, the presence of stable soliton families was theoretically predicted, when the graded index profile is modified by the Kerr effect induced by light itself [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive index profile tailoring of multimode optical fibers for the spatial and spectral shaping of parametric sidebands

Krupa¹,

Couderc²,

Tonello³

et al. 2019

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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We introduce the concept of spatial and spectral control of nonlinear parametric sidebands in multimode optical fibers by tailoring their linear refractive index profile. In all cases, the pump experiences Kerr self-cleaning, leading to a bell-shaped profile close to the fundamental mode. Geometric parametric instability, owing to quasi-phase-matching from the grating generated via the Kerr effect by pump self-imaging, leads to frequency multicasting of beam self-cleaning across a wideband array of sidebands. Our experiments show that introducing a gaussian dip in the refractive index profile of a graded index fiber permits to dramatically change the spatial content of spectral sidebands into higher-order modes. This is due to the breaking of oscillation synchronism among fundamental and higher-order modes. Hence modal-four-wave mixing prevails over geometric parametric instability as the main sideband generation mechanism. Observations agree well with theoretical predictions based on a perturbative analysis, and with full numerical solutions of the (3D + 1) nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

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“…As these degrees of freedom are coupled, an MMF provides a versatile and multi-functional platform for communication [3,4], imaging [5][6][7][8] and sensing applications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The abundant spatial degrees of freedom have been utilized for controlling linear [17][18][19][20] and nonlinear light propagation [21][22][23][24][25] in an MMF. The spatial, temporal, spectral or polarization states of transmitted light are manipulated by shaping the spatial wavefront of an incident beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode-fiber-based single-shot full-field measurement of optical pulses

et al. 2020

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Multimode fibers are widely explored for optical communication, imaging and sensing applications. The interference of fiber guided modes generates a speckle pattern, which has been used for highprecision spectroscopy, temperature, and strain sensing. Here we demonstrate a single-shot full-field temporal measurement technique based on a multimode fiber. The complex spatiotemporal speckle field is created by a reference pulse propagating through the fiber, and it interferes with a signal pulse. From the time-integrated interference pattern, both the amplitude and the phase of the signal are retrieved in spectral and temporal domains. The simplicity and high sensitivity of our scheme illustrate the potential of multimode fibers as versatile and multi-functional sensors.

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Adaptive wavefront shaping for controlling nonlinear multimode interactions in optical fibres

Cited by 136 publications

References 54 publications

Wavefront shaping in complex media with a 350 kHz modulator via a 1D-to-2D transform

Wavefront shaping in complex media with a 350 kHz modulator via a 1D-to-2D transform

Refractive index profile tailoring of multimode optical fibers for the spatial and spectral shaping of parametric sidebands

Multimode-fiber-based single-shot full-field measurement of optical pulses

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