Adaptive Wide Area Damping Controller for Distributed Energy Resources Integrated Power Grid

Review of Wide-Area Controllers for Supporting Power System Stability

“…Hierarchical controllers total 35 works, from which 17 correspond to non-explicit hierarchical structure controllers. As before, the vast majority of hierarchical controllers are designed for damping inter-area oscillations [65], [67], [105], [109], [113], [116], [117], [126], [147], [151], [169], [171], [178], [181], [196], [211], [223], [250]. From the remaining 17 papers, 4 present control strategies for improving rotor-angle stability [90], [145], [153], [202], 4 for improving frequency stability [203], [242], [251], [252]; 2 papers address voltage stability [132], [254]; and 7 propose control strategies for addressing two or more types of stability [44], [64], [66], [68], [136], [140], [158].…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the total number of works included in the database. In total, 181 papers were found using the aforementioned search criteria ( [44], [45], [49], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [73], [78], [80], [81], [90], [96], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108], [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129],…”

“…Other works computed the total latency in real-time, by subtracting the instant of measurement at the PMU from that of its arrival at the WADC. Then, the phase angle off-set is calculated to proceed with the compensation [109], [147], [255]. Similarly, a fuzzy-based controller is presented in [173], where an input signal was quantified by PMU data time tags and the coordinated universal time (UTC) at the controller location, with which output membership functions were shifted to compensate the time-delay.…”

“…Other approaches have been proposed for enhancing power system stability by controlling unspecific inverter-based renewable-based generation units. Specifically, in [109], [114], and [212], control actions utilize the high frequency converter of VSC to modulate real and reactive power in an effective manner through programmable power electronic interfaces. A different strategy is proposed in [96], [158], and [253], where instability issues are addressed through an adequate control of virtual SGs (VSG).…”

Online Model-Free Estimation of the Dynamic System Model for a Power System With Renewables in Ambient Conditions

“…The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) has brought significant complexity to the operation of power systems due to the variability of RES (e.g., wind speed and solar irradiation). Power electronic converters such as voltage source converters (VSCs) have been widely used to control the interactions between distributed RES and utility grid [1] to deliver renewable energy reliably and even provide auxiliary control for system stability [2]. Since the connection point of RES greatly affect the system dynamics [3], it is of great significance to acquire an accurate dynamic model for power systems with distributed RES, which can be used to evaluate the influence of RES on system dynamics, to analyze system oscillations and to identify topology change.…”