"Added lactose" and "added sucrose" cow's milk formulae in nutrition of low birthweight babies.

Fosbrooke, Audrey S.; Wharton, B A

doi:10.1136/adc.50.6.409

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similarly, (pre-)clinical studies involving lactose-containing solutions or nutritive preparations, employing adult rats, or animals in general (or even adult men), is therefore cautioned, due to the adult, entirely glucose-based carbohydrate-directed digestive system. Conversely, sucrose or glucose, regularly added to baby and toddler nutrition as an inexpensive lactose alternative, may have detrimental effects on the maturation of the neonatal gut [ 31 , 32 ]. More preferably, human milk replacers (bottle feeds in general) and products designed and produced by the food industry for neonates and/or premature infants [ 28 ] should ideally only contain lactose as its major carbohydrate source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Dietary Lactose in Adult Rats Are not Explained by Residual Intestinal Lactase Activity

et al. 2015

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Neonatal rats have a high intestinal lactase activity, which declines around weaning. Yet, the effects of lactose-containing products are often studied in adult animals. This report is on the residual, post-weaning lactase activity and on the short- and long-term effects of lactose exposure in adult rats. Acutely, the postprandial plasma response to increasing doses of lactose was studied, and chronically, the effects of a 30% lactose diet fed from postnatal (PN) Day 15 onwards were evaluated. Intestinal lactase activity, as assessed both in vivo and in vitro, was compared between both test methods and diet groups (lactose vs. control). A 50%–75% decreased digestive capability towards lactose was observed from weaning into adulthood. Instillation of lactose in adult rats showed disproportionally low increases in plasma glucose levels and did not elicit an insulin response. However, gavages comprising maltodextrin gave rise to significant plasma glucose and insulin responses, indicative of a bias of the adult GI tract to digest glucose polymers. Despite the residual intestinal lactase activity shown, a 30% lactose diet was poorly digested by adult rats: the lactose diet rendered the animals less heavy and virtually devoid of body fat, whereas their cecum tripled in size, suggesting an increased bacterial fermentation. The observed acute and chronic effects of lactose exposure in adult rats cannot be explained by the residual intestinal lactase activity assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Dietary Lactose in Adult Rats Are not Explained by Residual Intestinal Lactase Activity

et al. 2015

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“…Galactose, which is an essential component of many glycoproteins and glycolipids, can be formed equally well from glucose in the liver, and children can consume diets free of galactose for long periods without evidence of harm. Too great an intake of lactose can cause diarrhoea and acidosis especially when the babies are premature or small-for-dates (Fosbrooke & Wharton, 1975).…”

Section: Lactosementioning

confidence: 99%

Human and artificial milks for infant feeding

Gurr¹

1981

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…Fosbrooke and Wharton (1975) likewise failed to detect skin changes in 15 low birthweight infants who were fed for 3 months a formula providing approximately 0.5% of the energy from linoleic acid. Their infants would have had the additional disadvantage of low body fat reserves of linoleic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reappraisal of linoleic acid requirement of the young infant, with particular regard to use of modified cows' milk formulae.

Naismith¹,

Deeprose²,

Supramaniam³

et al. 1978

Arch Dis Child

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SUMMARY Most infants in the UK are bottle fed with cows' milk formulae that are alleged to provide less than the minimum requirement for linoleic acid, i.e. 1 % of the total dietary energy. 20 term infants fed solely on a modified cows' milk formula that provided 0 * 55 % of the energy from linoleic acid were therefore examined for evidence of deficiency. Rates of growth in length and weight, measured during the first 3 months of life, were identical with those of 20 wholly breast-fed infants. Voluntary food intakes (kcal/kg per day) followed the normal pattern. The fatty acid composition of the plasma lipids showed changes characteristic of a low intake of linoleic acid, but triene:tetraene ratios did not indicate a deficiency state, and clinical signs of deficiency were not observed. These findings suggest that the requirement for linoleic acid is substantially less than was formerly believed. The small amount of a-linolenic acid present in cows' milk may however exert a sparing effect on linoleic acid.The experiments of Hansen and his colleagues Hansen et al., 1958;Wiese et al., 1958) clearly demonstrated that the human infant has a specific requirement for linoleic acid (18:2, n-6). Infants who were fed a skim-milk formula in which linoleic acid provided <0-1 % of the total energy developed a deficiency syndrome, the main features of which were (a) a reduction in the plasma concentration of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) associated with an increase in the concentration of a triene; (b) impairment of energy use, shown by a pronounced rise in voluntary food consumption which was detected within 1-2 weeks; and (c) a characteristic dermatosis, a dry scaly thickened skin, which was apparent after 1-3 months of feeding. All symptoms disappeared promptly on treatment with the ethyl ester of linoleic acid, the so-called 'essential fatty acid'.In the body, linoleic acid undergoes alternating desaturation and chain elongation to produce its metabolically active derivative arachidonic acid. This process is not, however, confined to linoleic acid, but high concentrations of linoleic acid in the tissues appear to suppress the desaturation and chain elongation of other fatty acids. When the concen-

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"Added lactose" and "added sucrose" cow's milk formulae in nutrition of low birthweight babies.

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Acute and Chronic Effects of Dietary Lactose in Adult Rats Are not Explained by Residual Intestinal Lactase Activity

Acute and Chronic Effects of Dietary Lactose in Adult Rats Are not Explained by Residual Intestinal Lactase Activity

Human and artificial milks for infant feeding

Reappraisal of linoleic acid requirement of the young infant, with particular regard to use of modified cows' milk formulae.

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