Addenda: Bedbugs in Relation to Transmission of Human Diseases

Burton, George J.

doi:10.2307/4591985

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The race to find such associations may even have influenced research outcomes, particularly when reviewed in the context of modern medical knowledge. Studies up to the early 1960s (around 75% were from between 1911 and 1940) were reviewed by Burton (55,56), who described some 43 human diseases suspected of being transmitted by bed bugs. Of these, all but 6 were pathogen related and included examples of bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoans, and nematodes.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, there is no current evidence to suggest that bed bugs transmit any pathogen (124)(125)(126). Subsequent to the reviews by Burton (55,56), there was a decline in the research interest in bed bugs as potential disease vectors, presumably due to reduced infestations following the widespread use of the highly effective insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an era of intense investigation on filariasis in the 1960s, a number of papers examined the potential of bed bugs to transmit the causative filaria Wuchereria and Brugia. Despite wild-caught bed bugs being found to be infected with filarial worms, experiments failed to demonstrate transmission (55).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. These bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. Cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. Occasionally, bullous eruptions may result. If bed bugs are numerous, the patient can present with widespread urticaria or eythematous rashes. Often, bites occur in lines along the limbs. Over 40 pathogens have been detected in bed bugs, but there is no definitive evidence that they transmit any disease-causing organisms to humans. Anemia may result when bed bugs are numerous, and their allergens can trigger asthmatic reactions. The misuse of chemicals and other technologies for controlling bed bugs has the potential to have a deleterious impact on human health, while the insect itself can be the cause of significant psychological trauma. The control of bed bugs is challenging and should encompass a multidisciplinary approach utilizing nonchemical means of control and the judicious use of insecticides. For accommodation providers, risk management procedures should be implemented to reduce the potential of bed bug infestations.

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Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options

et al. 2012

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“…Only three species can truly be considered ectoparasites of humans, commonly known as bed bug: Cimex lectularius L., which is distributed all over the world but is found mainly in the temperate and subtropical zones, Cimex hemipterus Fabricius found in the tropical regions, and Leptocimex boueti Brumpt, which is found in the west of Africa (Ryckman et al 1981, Forattini 1990). Because of their blood-feeding habits and anthropophily, the bed bugs have been suspected of transmitting a variety of pathogenic agents such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa of 41 human diseases (Burton 1963, Jupp and McElligott 1979, Forattini 1990. Particularly in relation to Chagas disease, the bed bugs showed capacity to transmit the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi between rats in the laboratory (Jö rg and Natula 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on Midgut Ultrastructure of C<I>imex hemipterus</I> (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Azevedo

Neves

Mallet

et al. 2009

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This work studied the ultrastructure of the midgut cells of Cimex hemipterus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). The midgut of adult insects was analyzed on different days after a bloodmeal, and three anatomical regions with different digestive functions were apparent. In the anterior midgut, the digestive cells had many spherocrystals, lipid inclusions, and glycogen deposits, suggesting a role in water absorption, ion regulation, digestion, and storage of lipids and sugars. The digestive cells in the middle midgut contained secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm, lysosomes, and large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that this midgut region was active in digestive processes. The posterior midgut contained digestive cells with secretory vesicles, lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and spherocrystals, suggesting digestion and ion/water absorption. Also, there was strong evidence that the posterior midgut may be the major site of nutrient absorption. The hematophagous heteropteran groups share many of these blood digestion mechanisms.

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“…Although there were speculations of bed bugs being a vector of several pathogens, Burton (1963) concluded that no definitive evidence linked any disease to C. lectularius, and thus they have not been considered as effective vectors. However, Delaunay et al (2011) and Adelman et al (2013) speculated that bed bugs could be involved in pathogen or arbovirus transmission to humans under special circumstances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%