Addendum: Tradeoffs between groundwater conservation and air pollution from agricultural fires in northwest India

Balwinder-Singh, None; McDonald, Andrew J.; Srivastava, Amit K.; Gérard, Bruno

doi:10.1038/s41893-020-00632-z

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The harvesting season of kharif rice (October-November) coincides with changing weather patterns from southeasterly trade winds to northwesterly, favouring air pollutants stagnation due to the start of the winter season. It has also been noticed that the crop residue burning (CRB) is further intensified in a narrow time window for field preparation for rabi crops, as kharif rice harvesting is delayed by the Preservation of Subsoil Water Act in 2009 [20][21][22] . Numerical modelling studies, without observational data in the source region, have attributed between 20-40% of the PM2.5 concentration in Delhi-NCR to non-local fire emissions during October-November [23][24][25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monthly-mean MODIS FDCs exhibit a delay in peak FDC by up to 2 weeks during four-time intervals (2002-2008; 2009-2012; 2013-2017; 2018-2022) (Fig. S2c, d), a result of delayed planting and harvesting following the Preservation of Subsoil Water Act 20 . The National Green Tribunal Act (2010) and its amendment in 2016 passed an order to ban CRB in northwestern India and allocated funds for compensation to the farmers in return 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana

Mangaraj,

Matsumi,

Nakayama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Air pollution impacts on human health are of serious concern in northern India, and over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) in particular. The Kharif crop residue burning (CRB) is often blamed for degradation of Delhi-NCR’s seasonal air quality. However, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remained stable in Delhi, while the fire detection counts (FDCs) from satellites over Punjab and Haryana declined by 50% or more during 2015-2023. We further analysed measurements of PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO) and related parameters in Delhi-NCR, Haryana and Punjab from a network of 30 low-cost sensors (CUPI-Gs) in a selected period (September–November) of 2022 and 2023. Measured PM2.5 showed lower concentration in 2023 compared to 2022 at Punjab and Haryana sites, in compliance with FDC reductions. We have conducted airmass trajectories, particle dispersion and chemistry-transport model simulations to depict the formation of air pollution events from CRB emissions. Using model sensitivity simulations, we estimated meagerly ~14% of PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR was contributed directly by the emissions from CRB in Punjab during October-November 2022. Model-observation comparisons of PM2.5, and day-night variations of PM2.5 and CO suggest emissions from incomplete combustion dominate in Delhi-NCR, which explains the effectiveness of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana

Mangaraj,

Matsumi,

Nakayama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Impacts of Urbanization to Improve Agriculture Water Use Efficiency—An Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Perspective of Panel Data of 30 Provinces of China

Sarkar

Hou

et al. 2022

Land

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China has witnessed accelerated urbanization since the reforms and open policies which began in 1978. This eventually resulted in increased residential water requirements and worsening water shortages, particularly in the current century. In the context of resource and environmental constraints, improving agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is a crucial issue to ensure food security, improve the ecological environment, and meet the needs of sustainable agricultural development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2018, the article uses the Super-SBM model to measure the AWUE. Moreover, the study uses the entropy method to establish the urbanization evaluation index system from the dimensions of population, land, economy, measures the comprehensive level of urbanization development, and further constructs a dynamic spatial econometric model. We use the unconditional maximum likelihood estimation method to evaluate the impact of urbanization development on AWUE and its heterogeneity. The findings reveal that the AWUE considering undesired outcomes has generally shown a steady improvement, but there is ample space for resource conservation and environmental protection, and there are noticeable differences among regions. The decomposition of spatial effects shows that urbanization development in each region has a short-term positive effect on AWUE in the region and neighboring regions, and a long-term effect exists only in the western region. The impact of urbanization in different dimensions has been found that both land urbanization and economic urbanization contribute to the improvement of AWUE, while population urbanization helps to improve AWUE by improving the awareness level of the farmers.

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Addendum: Tradeoffs between groundwater conservation and air pollution from agricultural fires in northwest India

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana

Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana

The Impacts of Urbanization to Improve Agriculture Water Use Efficiency—An Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Perspective of Panel Data of 30 Provinces of China

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