Addiction Belief Scale

Schaler, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1037/t52955-000

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…One possible explanation for this is that, although our small pilot suggested little confusion about our “causes”, there is significant heterogeneity in how smokers interpret the 1-3 word causes we used. If so, then psychometrically-developed multi-item scales (Schaler, 1995; Humphreys et al, 1996; Luke et al, 2002) may be necessary to find more valid results. Thus, qualitative studies to obtain a better understanding of smokers ideas, beliefs, attitudes and definitions of causes may be needed before further research is undertaken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although multi-item scales have been developed to measure perceived causes of the inability to change (Humphreys et al, 1996; Luke, Ribisl, Walton, & Davidson, 2002; Schaler, 1995; West & Power, 1995b), none covered all of the causes we wished to examine nor was adaptable to different problems, plus all were lengthy. Thus, we employed single terms that have been used in prior studies of conceptualizations of tobacco and alcohol use and dependence (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smokers' beliefs about the inability to stop smoking

Hughes

2009

Addictive Behaviors

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We recruited 367 current daily smokers via the Internet and randomized them to rate the causes of an inability to stop smoking, inability to stop problem alcohol use, or inability to lose excess weight in a fictional scenario. Most smokers attributed inability to stop smoking to addiction (88%), habit (88%) and stress (62%). Surprisingly, equal numbers of smokers agreed and disagreed that inability to stop smoking was due to lack of willpower or motivation. Most disagreed that it was due to biological factors, denial, family/upbringing, genetics, mental disease, personality problem, psychological problems, or weakness of character. Many expected correlations among perceived causes were not found; e.g. endorsement of addiction was not inversely related to endorsement of willpower. Most smokers endorsed treatment. Higher ratings of addiction were related to endorsing treatment, and higher ratings of motivation were related to endorsing no need for treatment; however, these relationships were of small magnitude. Ratings of almost all the causes varied across the three problems; e.g. ratings of addiction were greater for smoking than for problem alcohol use. In summary, smokers appear to view the inability to stop smoking as multicausal; however, their views of causes are only weakly related to attitudes towards treatment. Given the several unexpected findings, qualitative research into smokers' conceptualizations about smokers' inability to stop smoking is indicated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokers' beliefs about the inability to stop smoking

Hughes

2009

Addictive Behaviors

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“…Three studies [35,46,47] utilised the Addiction Belief Scale [ABS; 46]; three [32,36,48] used the Understanding of Alcoholism Scale [UAS; 48]; one [34] used the Short Understanding of Substance Abuse Scale [SUSS; 49] and another [37] the Staff Attitudes Toward Alcoholism Questionnaire [50]. Eight of these studies employed measures that had been subjected to robust validity testing.…”

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug and alcohol treatment providers’ views about the disease model of addiction and its impact on clinical practice: A systematic review

Barnett

Hall

Fry

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Review

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The review suggests treatment providers may endorse disease and other models while strategically deploying the DMA for presumed therapeutic benefits. Varying DMA support across workforces indicated service users may experience multiple and potentially contradictory explanations of addiction. Future policy development will benefit by considering how treatment providers adopt disease concepts in practice.

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“…No one would maintain the brain was not involved in behavior nor that biologic factors might bias the choice that occurs in a given circumstance, but again the argument is how to best frame the relevant processes (see also Szasz, 1974). When addiction is viewed as a choice disorder, addiction is the outcome of poor options in the environment, devalued rewards, and/or the ease of access to drugs relative to other goods (see, Heyman, 2009; Hursh & Roma, 2013; Madden & Bickel, 2010; Schaler, 2002; Vuchinich & Tucker 1988); and how these interact with the history and biology the individual brings to this environment.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of choice, and vulnerability and recovery in addiction

Lamb

Maguire

Ginsburg

et al. 2016

Behavioural Processes

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Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. intoxication, versus relatively remote gains of abstinence, e.g. family stability. Factors modifying delay sensitivity can be modeled in the laboratory. For instance, increased delay sensitivity can be similarly observed in adolescent humans and non-human animals. Similarly, genetic factors influence delay sensitivity in humans and animals. Recovery from addiction may also be viewed as choice behavior. Thus, reinforcing alternative behavior facilitates recovery because reinforcing alternative behavior decreases the frequency of using drugs. How reinforcing alternative behavior influences recovery can also be modeled in the laboratory. For instance, relapse risk decreases as abstinence duration increases, and this decreasing risk can be modeled in animals using choice procedures. In summary, addiction in many respects can be conceptualized as a problem of choice. Animal models of choice disorders stand to increase our understanding of the core processes that establish and maintain addiction and serve as a proving ground for development of novel treatments.

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Addiction Belief Scale

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Smokers' beliefs about the inability to stop smoking

Smokers' beliefs about the inability to stop smoking

Drug and alcohol treatment providers’ views about the disease model of addiction and its impact on clinical practice: A systematic review

Determinants of choice, and vulnerability and recovery in addiction

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