Adding a fourth dimension to three dimensional virtual spaces

Abstract

The development of new standards for distributed data offer new possibilities to combine and display multiple types of information. This paper is concerned with an architectural and historical application of X3D and XML to objects, such as buildings, which have an organic quality and tend to evolve over time. The display of a 3D computer model does not always adequately describe the building or artifact and additional data are often required.This paper describes and evaluates techniques for the integration of three-dimensional data in the form of X3D and other data contained in XML format, such as temporal data. The capabilities of X3D to display a model with associated temporal data in different states or times are outlined. The relationship of X3D to XML is considered and methods described to enable 3D models and temporal data to be meaningfully combined. The use of XML to represent temporal data is outlined along with the use of XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) and DOM (Document Object Method) to filter both model and temporal data. The use of an API (Application Programming Interface) to alter the state of an X3D model is described. These methods are applied to a simple model and data file to display temporal data along with a 3D model at different points in time. Conclusions are drawn as to the appropriate method to employ for client-side manipulation of different types of 3D models and related data.

A web platform for the consultation of spatialized and semantically enriched iconographic sources on cultural heritage buildings

“…Relations among several temporal states are usually more difficult to process. In general, various temporal versions of geometric reconstructions are created and stored in databases so to formulate temporal queries [Hetherington, Farrimond, and Presland 2006;R. E. Hetherington and Scott 2004;SanJosé-Alonso et al 2009], and few studies describe building lifecycles to stress different states and transformations [Stefani et al 2008;Dudek and Blaise 2008].…”

Model-driven development of interactive and integrated 2D and 3D user interfaces using MML

“…In [Dachselt and Rukzio 2003] an XML-based language Behavior3D is used to define new behavior nodes that can be used together with built-in nodes as the first class scene graph elements. Integration of 3D data in X3D format and temporal data in XML format is described in [Hetheerington and Scott 2004]. The Interaction Technique Markup Language (InTml) provides a profile on top of the core X3D that describes 3D interaction techniques [Figueroa et al 2002].…”

Temporal 3D Graphical Data Management from a Database Perspective

“…At present, many existing works consider either the graphical aspect [2,7,10,19,20,27] or the semantic aspect [3,4,5,9,13,15,17,18,22] or both [11,14]. In these works, there is little consideration on operations over metadata (i.e.…”

“…The second one consists of [2,3,4,5,7,9,10,11,13,14,15,17,18,19,20,22,27], which approach the handling of 3D objects in many aspects as follow. References [2,7,10,19,20,27] consider only 3D graphical data. References [3,4,5,9,13,15,17,18,22] handle 3D objects via metadata.…”

“…Firstly, we pay attention to the group including [2,7,10,19,20,27], which take into account 3D graphical data using database technology. Only [10,19,20] examine the temporal aspect of 3D graphical data while the others [2,7,27] do not.…”