Adding Appropriate Fiber in Diet Increases Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of Distal Gut Microbiota Without Altering Fiber Digestibility and Growth Rate of Finishing Pig

Pu, Guang; Li, Pinghua; Du, Taoran; Niu, Qing; Fan, Lijuan; Wang, Huan; Liu, Hang; Li, Kaijun; Niu, Peipei; Wu, Chengwu; Zhou, Wuduo; Huang, Ruihua

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00533

Cited by 53 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The appropriate percentage of fibre in a diet could stimulate the flourishing of several genera of fibre-degrading bacteria, resulting in increased production of SCFA (e.g. acetic, propionate, and butyrate) that could afford more energy to the host metabolisms in growing Suhuai pigs ( Pu et al., 2020 ). Given its high insoluble dietary fibre content, alfalfa had exerted remarkable impacts on cecal microbiota composition and butyrate concentration ( J Wang et al., 2018b ).…”

Section: Bidirectional Regulation Between Gut Microbiota and Swine Numentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Animal Nutrition

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Gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. The correlation among gut microbiota, glycolipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases has been well reviewed in humans. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism in swine remains incompletely understood. Given the limitation in conducting human experiments and the high similarity between swine and humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, polyphagy, habits, and metabolism and in terms of the composition of gut microbiota, there is a pressing need to summarize the knowledge gained regarding swine gut microbiota, its interplay with host metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to outline the bidirectional regulation between gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in swine and to emphasize the action mechanisms underlying the complex microbiome–host crosstalk via the gut microbiota–gut–brain axis. Moreover, it highlights the new advances in knowledge of the diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota. A better understanding of these aspects can not only shed light on healthy and efficient pork production but also promote our knowledge on the associations between gut microbiota and the microbiome–host crosstalk mechanism. More importantly, knowledge on microbiota, host health and metabolism facilitates the development of a precise intervention therapy targeting the gut microbiota.

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Section: Bidirectional Regulation Between Gut Microbiota and Swine Numentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Animal Nutrition

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“…The minimal responses observed herein may be partially attributed to the smaller sample size in the current study (11–12 pigs per treatment) and greater variability. However, as the ability to digest and utilize fiber ingredients for growth depends heavily on the endogenous microbiota ( Cheng et al, 2018 ; Pu et al, 2020 ), it is also possible differences in microbial capacity for fiber degradation contributed to the minimal responses in the current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This further supports the postulation that compared with the CON-fed pigs, the NDF-fed pigs had greater gastrointestinal fill during the experimental period ( Asmus et al, 2014 ), the loss of which during the compensatory period may have contributed to the reductions in growth rate observed. It is also possible that the pig and its endogenous microbiota had become adapted to the high fiber diet, and were less able to utilize a lower fiber (higher starch) diet formulations ( Cheng et al, 2018 ; Pu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of increased fiber, decreased amino acids, or decreased electrolyte balance as dietary approaches to slow finishing pig growth rates

Helm

Patience

Romoser

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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In swine production, pig movement restrictions or packing plant closures may create the need to slow growth rates of finishing pigs to ensure they remain at a marketable body weight when packing plant access is restored. Although dietary formulations can be successful at slowing pig growth, precision is needed regarding how to best formulate diets to achieve growth rate reductions. Thus, the objective was to evaluate three dietary experimental approaches aimed at slowing growth rates in finishing pigs. These approaches consisted of either increasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF), reducing essential amino acids or reducing the dietary electrolyte balance through the addition of acidogenic salts. Ninety four mixed-sex pigs (72.4 ± 11.2 kg BW) across two replicates were individually penned and assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments (n=11-12 pigs/treatment): 1) Control diet representative of a typical corn–soybean meal-based finisher diet (CON); 2) diet containing 15% NDF from soybean hulls (15% NDF), 3) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF), 4) diet containing 25% NDF from soybean hulls (25% NDF), 5) diet formulated as per CON but with 50% of the soybean meal replaced with corn (89% Corn), 6) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal or synthetic amino acids (97% Corn), 7) diet containing 2% anhydrous calcium chloride (2% CaCl2), and 8) diet containing 4% anhydrous calcium chloride (4% CaCl2). Over 28 d, pig body weights and performance were recorded weekly. At d 28, all pigs were ultrasound scanned and switched to the CON diet to evaluate compensatory gain from d 28 to 35. Overall, increased NDF did not impact any growth performance parameter (P > 0.05). Amino acid restriction reduced ADG, ADFI, and G:F linearly (linear P < 0.001). Similarly, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were linearly reduced with increased CaCl2 inclusion (linear P < 0.001). Average daily gain differed during the compensatory gain period (P < 0.001), with 4% CaCl2 fed pigs having a 47% increase in ADG compared with CON fed pigs. Conversely, 15% and 25% NDF fed pigs had reduced ADG compared with CON fed pigs during the compensatory gain period. Gain efficiency differed from day 28 to 35 (P < 0.001), with 4% CaCl2 fed pigs having a 36% increase in G:F compared with CON fed pigs. Altogether, these data demonstrate that both amino acid restriction and CaCl2 inclusion are effective at slowing pig growth, albeit at greater inclusion rates.

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“…Wang et al found that the richness of the intestinal microbiota in nursing pigs (mean WB = 24 kg) in a group fed a diet supplemented with 15% alfalfa (19% TDF) was significantly lower than that of a control group (14% TDF) [ 50 ]. Similarly, Pu et al reported that many genera had higher relative abundances in the microbiota of finishing pigs fed a diet containing 19.10% TDF than in those fed a diet containing 24.11% TDF (mean bodyweight = 62.9 kg) [ 51 ]. This study found that the FFM sows’ fecal microbiota richness (32.1% TDF) was higher than the richness in the CON sows (24.1%TDF).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Inclusion of Fermented Mulberry Leaves and Branches in the Gestational Diet on the Performance and Gut Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring

et al. 2021

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Fermented feed mulberry (FFM), being rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow’s diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of 25.5% FFM supplemented gestation diets on the performance and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring. Results showed that the serum concentration of glucose, progesterone, and estradiol were not affected by the dietary treatment, while the level of serum insulin and fecal short chain fatty acid were both reduced in FFM group on gestation day 60 (G60, p < 0.05). Additionally, FFM increased both voluntary feed intake and weaning litter weight (p < 0.05), while decreased the losses of both Backfat thickness and bodyweight throughout lactation (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed FFM supplementation significantly increased the diversity and relative abundance of sows’ fecal microbiota on G60 (p < 0.05). The differential microbiota for sows from FFM group was that Bacteroidetes was increased on G60 while Firmicutes were decreased on L7 (p < 0.05), and which for the FFM piglets was that both unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae on G60 and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae were both increased (p < 0.05). In short, FFM can be recognized as a potential feed ingredient used in sow’s diet.

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Adding Appropriate Fiber in Diet Increases Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of Distal Gut Microbiota Without Altering Fiber Digestibility and Growth Rate of Finishing Pig

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism

Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism

Evaluation of increased fiber, decreased amino acids, or decreased electrolyte balance as dietary approaches to slow finishing pig growth rates

Effects of the Inclusion of Fermented Mulberry Leaves and Branches in the Gestational Diet on the Performance and Gut Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring

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