Adding C to the thermodynamic description of the Cr–Fe–Ni–O system

Thermodynamic modeling of the aluminum–iron–oxygen system

“…Here, an additional sublattice with Fe þ 2 and vacancies has also been introduced to enable compatibility with the spinel description by Kjellqvist [20].…”

“…The stable spinels in the system are hercynite (FeAl 2 O 4 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). In this work, the description for the magnetite sub-system is adopted from the Fe-O assessment by Sundman [15] and modified subsequently by Kjellqvist et al [24]. The hercynite subspinel can be represented using the formula (Al þ 3 ,Fe þ 2 ) 1 (Al þ 3 , Fe þ 2 ) 2 (O À 2 ) 4 with the Gibbs energy given as 4 Holland and Powell [79] hercynite shows a low degree of inversion at low temperatures [25][26][27][28][29][30], the properties of this end-member can be expected to be close to the properties measured experimentally for hercynite for which an expression has been assessed and is available in the SGTE database for substances, SSUB4 [31].…”

“…The parameter from the SGTE database SSUB4 [24] is designated with " a ". Included parameters not assessed in this work stem from the binary assessments Al-O [13,14] They applied equilibration and quenching techniques, followed by measurements of the phase composition using EPMA (electron probe X-ray microanalysis).…”

Thermodynamic assessment of the Cr–Mn–O system

“…In the present study a new ternary, Cr-Mn-O, is added to the description of the C-Cr-Fe-Ni-O system [1,2]. In parallel, the Fe-Mn-O and Mn-Ni-O systems are being assessed [3,4] and in combination they will yield a consistent thermodynamic database for the C-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni-O system.…”

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System

“…In a preceding study the C-Cr-Fe-Ni-O system [1,2] was described. It is a basic system for describing stainless steels.…”