Adding Lithium to Drinking Water for Suicide Prevention—The Ethics

Ng, Jared; Sjöstrand, Manne; Eyal, Nir

doi:10.1093/phe/phz002

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Discussion is also ongoing on the beneficial (or not) effect of low intakes of Li-especially from potable (tap) water, that is basically a weak source of Li in the daily diet [23,30]. Nevertheless, in recent times, it has been added to mineral water [34]. Typically, foods such as various meats, dairy products, seafood, eggs and vegetables contain Li in low concentrations, e.g., the daily dietary intake in Jerzy Falandysz is visiting professor at affiliation 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Li2O fortified growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements

Pankavec

Falandysz

Komorowicz

et al. 2021

Eur Food Res Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an attempt to enrich the fruiting bodies with Lithium (Li), this study cultivated mushrooms using growing sets that were fortified with Li2O at 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg·kg−1 dw. Compost fortification up to 100 mg·kg−1 dw induced a dose-dependent increase in Li accumulation with resulting median mushroom concentrations of 2.0, 8.6, 16, 29 and 38 mg·kg−1 dw, respectively, relative to the unfortified control at 0.087 mg·kg−1 dw. The dose dependency appears to level off as Li2O addition approaches 100 mg·kg−1, suggesting that there is a limit to the ability of the species to accumulate/tolerate Li. Mushrooms did not grow at the 500 mg·kg−1 dw fortification level. At the highest viable level of fortification (100 mg·kg−1 dw), the fruiting bodies were around 440-fold richer in Li content than the control mushrooms. Additionally, the fortification at all levels up to 100 mg·kg−1 dw showed very low, if any, effect on the co-accumulation of the other, studied trace mineral constituents, with concentrations occurring at the lower range of those reported for commercial A. bisporus mushrooms.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Li2O fortified growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements

Pankavec

Falandysz

Komorowicz

et al. 2021

Eur Food Res Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, Li 2 CO 3 has been found to be poisonous above the maximal therapeutic dose (10.4 mg L −1 in blood) (Timmer and Sands, 1999 ). The debate on the relationship between increasing intakes of Li from municipal drinking water and a decrease in suicide rates (Marshall, 2015 ; Memon et al 2020 ) continues, an approach that has been suggested but also questioned (Gillman, 2019 ; Ng et al 2019 ; Szklarska and Rzymski, 2019 ). The active lithiation of foods and drinking water is highlighted as an area of current research aiming to increase the state of knowledge in this field (Szklarska and Rzymski, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithiation of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) using lithium-fortified substrate: effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and on other trace elements

Pankavec

Falandysz

Komorowicz

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High doses of lithium salts are used for the treatment or prevention of episodes of mania in bipolar disorder, but the medication is rapidly excreted and also shows side effects. Li may also be beneficial in people with mood disorders. Nutritionally, popular foods such as wild and cultivated mushrooms have low Li contents. This study evaluated the Li enrichment of white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using Li2CO3 solutions to fortify the commercial growing substrate at various concentrations from 1.0 to 500 mg kg−1 dry weight (dw). Fortification of up to 100 mg kg−1 dw resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of Li in mushroom, but the highest fortification level was found to be detrimental to fruitification. The median values of Li in fortified mushrooms corresponded to the fortification levels, increasing from 0.49 to 17 mg kg−1 dw relative to the background concentration of 0.056 mg kg−1 dw (control substrate contained 0.10 mg kg−1 dw). The potential for Li uptake in fruiting bodies was found to decrease at higher levels of fortification, with saturation occurring at 100 mg kg−1. Resulting lithiated mushrooms were up to 300-fold richer in Li content than specimens grown on control substrate. The fortification showed some effects on the uptake of other trace minerals, but concentrations of co-accumulated Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn were similar or lower than values reported in the literature for commercial A. bisporus. These lithiated mushrooms could be considered as a pro-medicinal alternative to treatments that use Li salts. Graphical abstract

show abstract

“…Microdoses of Li intake through drinking water may have antisuicidal, mood-stabilizing, antidepressive and antimanic effects. Moreover, the dietary Li was found to have a beneficial role in the prevention of dementia and Alzheimer’s diseases [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. However, the biochemical mechanisms are still unelucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Lithium, Macro- and Microelements in Water, Soil and Plant Samples from Karst Areas in Romania

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium is a critical element for the modern society due to its uses in various industrial sectors. Despite its unequal distribution in the environment, Li occurrence in Romania was scarcely studied. In this study a versatile measurement method using ICP-MS technique was optimized for the determination of Li from various matrixes. Water, soil, and plant samples were collected from two important karst areas in the Dobrogea and Banat regions, Romania. The Li content was analyzed together with other macro- and microelement contents to find the relationship between the concentration of elements and their effect on the plants’ Li uptake. In Dobrogea region, half of the studied waters had high Li concentration, ranging between 3.00 and 12.2 μg/L in the case of water and between 0.88 and 11.1 mg/kg DW in the case of plants, while the Li content in the soil samples were slightly comparable (from 9.85 to 11.3 mg/kg DW). In the Banat region, the concentration of Li was lower than in Dobrogea (1.40–1.46 μg/L in water, 6.50–9.12 mg/kg DW in soil, and 0.19–0.45 mg/kg DW in plants). Despite the high Li contents in soil, the Li was mostly unavailable for plants uptake and bioaccumulation.

show abstract

Adding Lithium to Drinking Water for Suicide Prevention—The Ethics

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

The use of Li2O fortified growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements

The use of Li2O fortified growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements

Lithiation of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) using lithium-fortified substrate: effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and on other trace elements

Assessment of Lithium, Macro- and Microelements in Water, Soil and Plant Samples from Karst Areas in Romania

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About