2016
DOI: 10.1111/sms.12723
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Adding muscle where you need it: non‐uniform hypertrophy patterns in elite sprinters

Abstract: Sprint runners achieve much higher gait velocities and accelerations than average humans, due in part to large forces generated by their lower limb muscles. Various factors have been explored in the past to understand sprint biomechanics, but the distribution of muscle volumes in the lower limb has not been investigated in elite sprinters. In this study, we used non-Cartesian MRI to determine muscle sizes in vivo in a group of 15 NCAA Division I sprinters. Normalizing muscle sizes by body size, we compared spr… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(114 citation statements)
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“…These differences in force production between groups can likely be attributed to the differences in strength‐power capacities between groups. Potential explanations include the previously observed non‐uniform hypertrophy of thigh musculature, which has been suggested to underpin faster sprinting performances. Specifically, higher eccentric force production capabilities and activation of the knee flexors (hamstring muscles) have been associated with better accelerative performance, likely due to an increased ability to perform negative work in the late swing phase .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These differences in force production between groups can likely be attributed to the differences in strength‐power capacities between groups. Potential explanations include the previously observed non‐uniform hypertrophy of thigh musculature, which has been suggested to underpin faster sprinting performances. Specifically, higher eccentric force production capabilities and activation of the knee flexors (hamstring muscles) have been associated with better accelerative performance, likely due to an increased ability to perform negative work in the late swing phase .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From a practical perspective, it is conceivable that top-level athletes gradually increase their levels of lateral asymmetry after several years of training and competition [49]. Particularly in soccer, the dominant leg is predominantly used to execute explosive actions (e. g., kick or pass the ball), while the supporting leg has the main role of providing postural stability [13,23]. In this sense, it is expected that athletes capable of producing higher power outputs also exhibit greater adaptations in the more trained leg, increasing disparities between contralateral limbs [5,14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another consideration when estimating MV is that the method of estimation is based on the assumption that a muscle maintains a uniform shape along its length in response to exercise intervention or pathology. Several studies have challenged this assumption by demonstrating that the shape of the muscle changes with exercise in both trained and untrained individuals (Hedayatpour and Falla, ; Wakahara et al, ; Handsfield et al, ). The “shape/form factor” of different muscles in various populations and its response to various interventions, disability and disease should be explored further in future studies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%