Adding the Z Dimension

Hutchinson, Michael F.

doi:10.1002/9780470690819.ch8

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This method is designed to construct a smooth surface from irregularly spaced elevation points, particularly where returns of LIDAR pulses from the ground are limited over densely vegetated areas. As well as removing spurious pits, this interpolation method is favoured in hydrological studies as it allows for the calculation of continuous flow through a given terrain (Hutchinson, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising soil moisture in transport corridor environments using airborne LIDAR and CASI data

Hardy

Barr

Mills

et al. 2011

Hydrological Processes

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Hardy, A. J., Barr, S., Mills, J., Miller, P. (2012). Characterising soil moisture in transport corridor environments using airborne LIDAR and CASI data. Hydrological Processes, 26 (13), 1925-1936Much of the world's transport networks are located on cutting and embankment earthworks. In the UK, many of these earthwork structures were constructed in the mid-19th century and are susceptible to slope instability. Instability in transport corridors tends to be triggered by an increase in pore water pressure, which is directly influenced by an increase in soil moisture. This study explores the integration of high spatial resolution airborne (1 m) LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) imagery to characterize soil moisture distribution for a transport corridor near Haltwhistle, UK. The distribution of soil moisture is estimated using these sensors through techniques that are relatively unaffected by, or make use of, the presence of vegetation, unlike other techniques using thermal, shortwave and microwave sensors. Terrain analysis calculations of potential solar radiation and a topographic wetness index were applied to a DEM interpolated from the LIDAR point data. The CASI imagery was used to map Ellenberg moisture indicator values using partial least squares regression. Individually, the remotely sensed metrics were found to have poor correlations with observed soil moisture. However, improvements could be made using an integrated model which demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0?68. The resulting integrated model showed soil moisture content to increase on north-facing earthworks and towards the toe of earthwork slopes. Concentrations of moisture were also predicted in cuttings where water is contributed from areas surrounding the earthworks. Copyright ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer reviewe

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising soil moisture in transport corridor environments using airborne LIDAR and CASI data

Hardy

Barr

Mills

et al. 2011

Hydrological Processes

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“…For depressing streams into the elevation data in order to align contour turnbacks, we used the software package ANUDEM, which was developed by M. Hutchinson at Australian National University (ANU) for producing gridded DEMs from topographic data sets (Hutchinson 2008). This set of tools was chosen because of (1) the USGS R&D team's familiarity with ANU software, (2) extensive ANUDEM tool options, (3) successful results reported in differing terrains, and (4) the ability of the software to use a simple command file, rendering it easy to call from another program.…”

Section: Nhd Flowlinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated extraction of hydrographically corrected contours for the conterminous United States: the US Geological Survey US Topo product

Arundel

Thiem

Constance

2017

Cartography and Geographic Information Science

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The US Topo is a new generation of digital topographic maps delivered by the US Geological Survey (USGS). These maps include contours in the traditional 7.5-min quadrangle format. The process for producing digital elevation contours has evolved over several years, but automated production of contours for the US Topo product began in 2010. This process, which is quite complex yet fairly elegant, automatically chooses the proper USGS quadrangle, captures the corresponding 1/3 as grid points from the national elevation data set (3D Elevation Program), and adjusts elevation data to better fit water features from the National Hydrography Dataset. After additional processing, such as identifying and tagging depressions, constructing proper contours across double-line streams, and omitting contours from water bodies, contours are automatically produced for the quadrangle. The resulting contours are then compared to the contours on the original (legacy) topographic map sheets, or to the 10-m contours from the original map sheets. Where the elevation surface used to generate the contours has been derived from the previously published contours for a quadrangle, the generated contours match the legacy contours quite well. Where newer elevation sources, such as lidar, originate the elevation surface, generated contours may vary significantly from the previous cartographically produced contours due to more accurate representations of the surface, and less reliance on cartographic interpretation.

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“…Mass balance contour lines are then used to derive areas of equal mass balance where the mean value of the contour lines is assigned to the area between the lines. However, for this study we applied the contour line method in two different ways: once in its purely traditional form creating areas of equal mass balance between the manually drawn contour lines of 250 kg m −2 equidistance, and once applying the Esri ArcGIS interpolation tool topo to raster, which is based on the ANUDEM algorithm (e.g., Hutchinson, 2008;Hutchinson et al, 2011), to the hand-drawn and digitized contour lines and the set of reanalyzed point values. The latter method results in mass balance rasters with a 1 × 1 m resolution which were subsequently spatially integrated to obtain the mean specific mass balance (Eqs.…”

Section: Contour-line-based Extrapolationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reanalysis of a 10-year record (2004–2013) of seasonal mass balances at Langenferner/Vedretta Lunga, Ortler Alps, Italy

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Records of glacier mass balance represent important data in climate science and their uncertainties affect calculations of sea level rise and other societally relevant environmental projections. In order to reduce and quantify uncertainties in mass balance series obtained by direct glaciological measurements, we present a detailed reanalysis workflow which was applied to the 10-year record (2004 to 2013) of seasonal mass balance of Langenferner, a small glacier in the European Eastern Alps. The approach involves a methodological homogenization of available point values and the creation of pseudo-observations of point mass balance for years and locations without measurements by the application of a process-based model constrained by snow line observations. We examine the uncertainties related to the extrapolation of point data using a variety of methods and consequently present a more rigorous uncertainty assessment than is usually reported in the literature.Results reveal that the reanalyzed balance record considerably differs from the original one mainly for the first half of the observation period. For annual balances these misfits reach the order of > 300 kg m −2 and could primarily be attributed to a lack of measurements in the upper glacier part and to the use of outdated glacier outlines. For winter balances respective differences are smaller (up to 233 kg m −2 ) and they originate primarily from methodological inhomogeneities in the original series. Remaining random uncertainties in the reanalyzed series are mainly determined by the extrapolation of point data to the glacier scale and are on the order of ±79 kg m −2 for annual and ±52 kg m −2 for winter balances with values for single years/seasons reaching ±136 kg m −2 . A comparison of the glaciological results to those obtained by the geodetic method for the period 2005 to 2013 based on airborne laser-scanning data reveals that no significant bias of the reanalyzed record is detectable.

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Adding the Z Dimension

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Characterising soil moisture in transport corridor environments using airborne LIDAR and CASI data

Characterising soil moisture in transport corridor environments using airborne LIDAR and CASI data

Automated extraction of hydrographically corrected contours for the conterminous United States: the US Geological Survey US Topo product

Reanalysis of a 10-year record (2004–2013) of seasonal mass balances at Langenferner/Vedretta Lunga, Ortler Alps, Italy

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