Adding up the Glasgow Coma Score

Teasdale, G. M.; Murray, Gordon D.; Parker, L.; Jennett, Bryan

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-4088-8_2

Cited by 179 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…11 Within 24 hours after stroke onset, all patients were assessed by a neurologist. After the diagnosis was confirmed and the clinical symptoms such as level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) 12 were recorded, the neurologist then referred the stroke patient complying with the selection criteria to the observer (G.K.) for recruitment and further assessment, which occurred within the initial 2 poststroke weeks.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candidate determinants for development of a prediction model included the following: (1) (11) sensory deficit in the arm as determined by the Thumb-Finding Test (0 to 3 points); 17 (12) Orpington Prognostic Score (1.6 to 6.8 points); (13) homonymous hemianopia 18 (noϭ0/yesϭ1); (14) inattention (1 if Ͼ2 omissions on the letter-cancellation test); 18 (15) conjugate gaze 19 (noϭ0/yesϭ1); (16) social support (noϭ0/yesϭ1); (17) type of (additional) therapy (air splint, arm, or leg training; 0 to 2) 8 ; and (18) severity and extent of paresis of upper and lower extremity motor function in arm and leg as assessed by the Motricity Index (MI) 20 and motor parts of the Fugl-Meyer (FM) score. 21 In the MI, muscle strength was measured for upper extremity (MI arm, 0 to 100) in which 100 points represents normal strength and lower extremity (MI leg, 0 to 100) separately, whereas FM motor scores were subdivided into FM arm score (including wrist, 0 to 52), FM hand score (0 to 14 points), and FM leg score (0 to 34 points) in which the maximum score represents no synergism.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probability of Regaining Dexterity in the Flaccid Upper Limb

Kwakkel

Kollen

Grond

et al. 2003

Stroke

1,153

449

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Background and Purpose-To improve the accuracy of early postonset prediction of motor recovery in the flaccid hemiplegic arm, the effects of change in motor function over time on the accuracy of prediction were evaluated, and a prediction model for the probability of regaining dexterity at 6 months was developed. Methods-In 102 stroke patients, dexterity and paresis were measured with the Action Research Arm Test, Motricity Index, and Fugl-Meyer motor evaluation. For model development, 23 candidate determinants were selected. Logistic regression analysis was used for prognostic factors and model development. Results-At 6 months, some dexterity in the paretic arm was found in 38%, and complete functional recovery was seen in 11.6% of the patients. Total anterior circulation infarcts, right hemisphere strokes, homonymous hemianopia, visual gaze deficit, visual inattention, and paresis were statistically significant related to a poor arm function. Motricity Index leg scores of at least 25 points in the first week and Fugl-Meyer arm scores of 11 points in the second week increasing to 19 points in the fourth week raised the probability of developing some dexterity

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Regaining Dexterity in the Flaccid Upper Limb

Kwakkel

Kollen

Grond

et al. 2003

Stroke

1,153

449

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“…The distinction between lacunar and nonlacunar infarcts was made on the basis of the Bamford Classification. 20 The severity of stroke was documented by the lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 21 during the first week and by the Barthel Index (BI) score 22 ascertained 5 days after the stroke.…”

Section: Case Ascertainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antithrombotic and Antihypertensive Management 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke

Hillen

Dundas

Lawrence

et al. 2000

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-We sought to examine the frequency, predictors, and effects of nontreatment with antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapies 3 months after ischemic stroke. Methods-The population-based South London Community Stroke Register prospectively collected data on first-in-alifetime strokes between 1995 and 1997. Among patients registered with ischemic stroke, treatment status with antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapies was examined 3 months after the event. Results-In a cohort of 457 patients with ischemic stroke, 393 (86.0%) were considered appropriate for antiplatelet medication, 32 (7.0%) for anticoagulant medication, and 254 (55.9%) for antihypertensive medication. The rates of nontreatment observed 3 months after the event were 24.4% for antiplatelet, 59.4% for anticoagulant, and 29.5% for antihypertensive medication. Independent risk factors for nontreatment with antithrombotic therapies (antiplatelets and anticoagulants) were the subtype of stroke (nonlacunar infarct: ORϭ1.60, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.54), stroke severity measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (GCS Յ13: OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.66) and the Barthel Index (BI) score 5 days after the event (BI Յ10: OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.93). For antihypertensive therapies the stroke subtype (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.54), GCS score (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.35 to 6.53), BI score (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.29), and ethnicity (Caucasian: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.14) were independently associated with nontreatment. Cox regression modeling showed no significant association between the treatment status and recurrence-free 3-year survival rates after controlling for severity and subtype of stroke. Conclusions-Secondary prevention for a common disease such as stroke appears to be inadequate in the study area.Healthcare professionals need to consider antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapies for all stroke patients. (Stroke. 2000;31:469-475.)

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“…The longer the tooth remains out of the mouth, beyond the recommended time limit, even when restored in a storage medium, the greater the risk for ankylosis 15 . Avulsed teeth should be maintained in a storage medium 16 , such as milk, Viaspan, Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), saliva, and saline. The preferred storage medium recommended by The American Association of Endodontists is HBSS, because of its ability to preserve the vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells for a longer duration 17,18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%