Addition of Dihydromethano Group to Fullerenes to Improve the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Abstract

Adding a compact dihydromethano (CH2 ) group to a 58π-indene fullerene (C60 (Ind)) creates a 56π-electron dihydromethano/indene fullerene (C60 (CH2 )(Ind)) and raises the LUMO level with only a minimal increase in size. This class of compounds features reduced conjugation that raises the LUMO level, and a high electron mobility because of the small CH2 addend.

Carbon nanomaterials for photovoltaic process

“…With the addition of one dihydromethano group, the V OC of P3HT:fullerene BHJ OSCs was raised by ~ 0.1 V, while the J SC and FF are not decreased, resulting in higher PCE values [175]. The PCE of OSCs based on P3HT:C 70 (CH 2 )(indene) BHJ reached 6.4% [175].…”

Vertical phase separation and light-soaking effect improvements by photoactive layer spin coating initiation time control in air-processed inverted organic solar cells

“…For P3HT:MIF photoactive layer deposition, P3HT (regioregular, Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.) and MIF (Synthesized) solution with a donor:acceptor ratio of 1:1 and concentration of 50 mg/ml in ODCB (anhydrous, 99%, Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.) was prepared [35]. The solution was left stirring for 2 h at 65°C.…”

“…MIF which is 56-π bis-functionalised fullerene where one adduct is an indene group and the other is methanediyl group was used in place of PCBM and inverted OSCs were fabricated in air with different waiting times [35]. The Table 4 shows that MIF based devices behave the same way as the PCBM based devices.…”

“…The mechanism behind these improvements has been studied through diverse analytical techniques and discussed in this work. This phenomenon is displayed in other ETL, ZnO, and other organic material, methano indene fullerene (MIF) [35] as long as low volatile solvents such as ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) are used.…”

Exploring Photovoltaic Feasibility of Pentaaryl [60]Fullerene in Bulk Heterojunction Architecture

“…23,24) Synthetic chemistry also provides an attractive route toward precise tuning of the energy level by functionalizing the fullerene cage. [25][26][27] Herein, we focused on the multi-addition of fullerene which is known as a versatile approach to raise the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level. To this end, pentaaryl…”