Addition of Lead (Pb)-Nitrate Filler on Polymer Composite Aprons for X-Ray Radiation Shielding

Abstract

Radiation shielding aprons are needed by radiation workers to minimize radiation exposure to the body. The aprons at present use fabric-coated lead plates which are heavy and rigid materials and therefore are not comfortable to use. Polymer aprons from cassava starch and glycerin with addition of Pb-nitrate filler at 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % have been synthesized. Mixtures for synthesizing the polymer apron composites were heated using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 800 rpm at 160 °C for 25 minutes. Then, the polymer apron composites were dried in an oven for 24 hours at 70 °C. The effectiveness of the apron was determined by calculating the attenuation coefficient (μ), half-value layer (HVL), and radiation absorption. The mechanical properties of the aprons were characterized by testing their tensile strengths using an A&D MCT-2150 universal tester. The result shows that the optimal addition of Pb-nitrate filler of as much as 6 % produced aprons with an attenuation coefficient of 1248 cm -1 , HVL of 0.54 cm, and radiation absorption of 25 %, while the aprons' tensile strength was obtained as 28.244 MPa. The addition of Pb-nitrate as a filler in apron composites proportionally improves the quality of materials used as radiation shields. More detailed research is still needed to obtain the best apron.

ANALISIS TINGKAT ABSORPSI BERKAS SINAR-X PADA SINTESIS KOMPOSIT KAKTUS (Opuntia spp.) DAN TIMBAL (II) ASETAT (Pb(CH3COO)2) SEBAGAI MATERIAL APRON

“…Peneliti sebelumnya [19] telah mengembangkan apron dari sintesis serat rami dan resin epoxy, peneliti lainnya [20] membuat apron polimer dengan pati singkong dan timbal nitrat. Di samping kedua jenis bahan alam tersebut, dari penelitian Zourgui [21] diketahui bahwa terdapat pula tanaman kaktus yang mampu menyerap radiasi UV karena sifat antioksidannya yang tinggi.…”

“…Nilai koefisien atenuasi berbanding lurus dengan nomor atom pada material yang digunakan [26]. Redaman sinar-X oleh suatu bahan ditentukan oleh nomor atom, densitas dan ketebalan, dan dinyatakan dengan rumus berikut [20], [27]: 𝐼 = 𝐼 0 𝑒 −𝜇𝑥 (1) Dan juga dapat diperoleh dengan membalik persamaan sebagai berikut: 𝜇 = Koefisien atenuasi linier radiasi (cm -1 ) 𝑥 = Tebal perisai (cm) HVL adalah tebal material yang dapat mengurangi intensitas menjadi setengah nilai awal, dan dinyatakan dengan rumus berikut [28]:…”

Analisis Pengaruh Densitas Terhadap Potensi Komposit Apron Proteksi Radiasi Sinar-X dengan Bahan Kaktus Centong dan Timbal (II) Asetat

“…Selain itu serat alam juga lebih dipercaya ramah lingkungan dan ketersediaannya di alam melimpah [2][4][5] [6]. Salah satu penelitian terkait sintesis komposit apron proteksi radiasi sinar-X menggunakan serat alam yaitu pengembangan apron proteksi radiasi sinar-X dari serat rami dan resin epoksi dan juga apron proteksi radiasi sinar-X dengan pati singkong dan timbal nitrat [7], [8]. Abidin dan rekannya dalam penelitiannya menghitung densitas apron proteksi radiasi dengan filler timbal (II) oksida mendapatkan densitas sebesar 1,66 g/cm 3 dan 1,65 g/cm 3 .…”

Some Metal Oxide-Natural Rubber Composites for Gamma- and Low-Energy X-Ray Radiation Shielding

“…Polymer-composite-based radiation shielding is a material that commonly consists of heavy metal incorporated into the polymer to enhance its radiation attenuation performance and physical properties [5]. Numerous researchers have developed various polymer-heavy metal composites, including epoxy-Pb, -Bi, or -W [6], PVA-WO 3 composites [7], polyimide-Bi 2 O 3 composite [8], recycled-HDPE-PbO [9], PVC-Bi 2 O 3 composites [10], polyester-Bi 2 O 3 [11], geopolymers/slag-fly ash [12], and cassava starch-Pb nitrate [13]. The shielding material based on polymer composite does not enhance the attenuation characteristics compared to introducing pure filler.…”