Addition of potassium carbonate to continuous cultures of mixed ruminal bacteria shifts volatile fatty acids and daily production of biohydrogenation intermediates

Jenkins, T.C.; Bridges, William C.; Harrison, Joe; Young, K. M.

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7164

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the present study, pH of the CON fermenters was well below 5.5 and the average extent of biohydrogenation of C 18:2 in CON fermenters (expressed as mg of outflow per 100 mg of input) was 68.7%. This is comparable to Jenkins et al (2014) , who reported average C 18:2 biohydrogenation of 72%; however, pH in that study averaged 6.0. This indicates that in spite of low culture pH in the present study, biohydrogenation extent remained high.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and dietary sulfur level on fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture

Fessenden

Carpenter

Ruiz‐Moreno

et al. 2017

Translational Animal Science

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In ruminants, excess dietary sulfur can be associated with a reduction in DM intake, poor feedlot performance and sulfur-associated polioencephalomalacia. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has been shown to decrease hydrogen sulfide in vitro. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of BSS inclusion (0 or 0.5% of diet DM) and dietary sulfur (0.21 or 0.42% of diet DM) on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used during 2 consecutive 10-d periods consisting of 7 d for stabilization followed by 3 d of sampling. A pelleted feedlot diet containing 39% dry rolled corn, 32% earlage, 21% wet distillers grains, 3.2% corn silage, 1.5% soybean meal, 0.6% urea and 2.7% mineral premix (DM basis) was provided as substrate for microbes at a rate of 75 g of DM × fermenter–1 × d–1. Effluents from sampling days were composited by fermenter within period, resulting in 4 replicates/treatment. Bismuth subsalicylate inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) true OM digestion, while no effects were observed for NDF and ADF digestion. Total VFA concentrations, molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and branched-chained VFA decreased (P < 0.01) with BSS addition. The ratio of acetic to propionic acid and the molar proportion of butyric acid increased (P < 0.01) with BSS addition. In regard to nitrogen metabolism, BSS increased NH3–N concentration, NH3–N and dietary-N flows (P < 0.01), and decreased non-NH3–N flow, microbial-N flow, CP degradation, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.01). Inclusion of BSS increased mean, minimum, and maximum fermentation pH (P < 0.01). Amount of dietary sulfur and BSS inclusion influenced flows of amino acids and fatty acids from fermenters. Influences on fatty acid biohydrogenation and amino acid flows demonstrated an overall suppression of microbial fermentation. Results from this experiment indicate that BSS inclusion at 0.5% of diet DM has detrimental effects on in vitro rumen fermentation in continuous culture.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and dietary sulfur level on fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture

Fessenden

Carpenter

Ruiz‐Moreno

et al. 2017

Translational Animal Science

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“…These previous studies manipulated the DCAD value via the addition of cation or anion sources to the diet fed, potentially affecting rumen fermentation. Iwaniuk and Erdman (2015) reported a positive linear relation between the DCAD value and ruminal pH and the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, all of which have been associated with increased milk fat content (Kolver and de Veth, 2002;Jenkins et al, 2014). In the current study, however, the DCAD value of the basal diet was similar for all treatments, and NH 4 Cl was infused into the abomasum, preventing effects at the rumen level and its consequences downstream on milk fat synthesis.…”

Section: Effects Of Abomasal Nh 4 CL Infusion and Associated Metabolic Acidosismentioning

confidence: 49%

Abomasal infusion of ground corn and ammonium chloride in early-lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to induce hindgut and metabolic acidosis

Gastelen

Dijkstra

Nichols

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Next to rumen acidosis, other forms of acidosis may also affect lactational performance of cows. Therefore, the effects of hindgut acidosis, induced via abomasal infusion of ground corn, and metabolic acidosis, induced via abomasal infusion of NH 4 Cl, were studied in cows in early lactation. Observations were made on intake and digestibility of nutrients, lactation performance, energy and N partitioning, blood acid-base status, and rumen and hindgut fermentation characteristics. In a 6 × 6 Latin square design, 6 rumen-fistulated, secondlactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (48 ± 17 d in milk) were subjected to 5 d of continuous abomasal infusions of water as control, or solutions of 2.5 mol of NH 4 Cl/d, 5.0 mol of NH 4 Cl/d, 3.0 kg of ground corn/d, or the combination of ground corn with either of the 2 NH 4 Cl levels, followed by 2 d of rest. Treatment solutions were administered via peristaltic pumps through infusion lines attached to the rumen cannula plug and an abomasal infusion line with a flexible disk (equipped with holes to allow digesta passage) to secure its placement through the sulcus omasi. A total mixed ration consisting of 70% grass silage and 30% concentrate (on dry matter basis) was fed at 95% of ad libitum intake of individual cows. The experiment was conducted in climate respiration chambers to determine feed intake, lactation performance, and energy and N balance. Abomasal infusion of NH 4 Cl affected the acid-base status of the cows, but more strongly when in combination with abomasal infusion of ground corn. Metabolic acidosis (defined as a blood pH < 7.40, blood HCO 3 concentration < 25.0 mmol/L, and a negative base excess) was observed with 5.0 mol of NH 4 Cl/d, 3.0 kg of ground corn/d + 2.5 mol of NH 4 Cl/d, and 3.0 kg of ground corn/d + 5.0 mol of NH 4 Cl/d. Metabolic acidosis was associated with decreased milk lactose content, metabolic body weight, energy retained as protein, and fecal N excretion, and increased urine N excretion, and tended to decrease intake of nutrients. Digestibility of several nutrients increased with 5.0 mol of NH 4 Cl/d, likely as a result of decreased intake. Abomasal ground corn infusion resulted in hindgut acidosis, where fecal pH decreased from 6.86 without ground corn to 6.00 with ground corn, regardless of NH 4 Cl level. The decrease in fecal pH was likely the result of increased hindgut fermentation, evidenced by increased fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations. Hindgut acidosis was associated with decreased digestibility of nutrients, except for starch, which increased, and crude fat, which was not affected. No systemic inflammatory response was observed, suggesting that the hindgut epithelium was not severely affected by the more acidic conditions or barrier damage. Abomasal infusion of ground corn increased milk yield, milk protein and lactose yield, fecal N excretion, N use efficiency, and total energy retained as well as energy retained in fat, and reduced milk fat content and urine N excretion.

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“…They suggested that K 2 CO 3 promotes the predominant trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway rather than the trans-10 pathway in the rumen. In the current experiment, milk fat concentration of trans-10 18:1, which can be used as a marker for milk fat depression (Jenkins et al, 2014), was increased by 73% when cows received SBO as compared with unsupplemented cows (Table 5). However, in contrast with Ma et al (2017), dietary K 2 CO 3 did not affect milk fat concentration of trans-10 18:1, or any other identified FA biohydrogenation intermediates.…”

Section: Milk Production and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Previous research suggests that the decrease in milk fat synthesis observed in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets can be alleviated by increasing DCAD and dietary K concentration (Harrison et al, 2012). Using continuous fermenters, Jenkins et al (2014) evaluated the effect of 3 levels of added K in the form of K 2 CO 3 with 2 concentrations of soybean oil (SBO, 0 or 3.4% of DM) on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA). The authors reported that the addition of K 2 CO 3 alone or with SBO increased 18:0 and cis-9,trans-11 18:2, whereas daily outflow of trans-10 18:1 and trans-10,cis-12 18:2 was decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of potassium carbonate and soybean oil supplementation on performance of early-lactation dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet

Alfonso-Avila

Baumann

Charbonneau

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Potassium carbonate supplementation is known to improve milk fat synthesis and to modify milk mineral composition in dairy cows. The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effect of KCO on production performance, biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA), and mineral composition of milk in early-lactation dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet with or without soybean oil (SBO), as a source of polyunsaturated FA. Twenty-eight ruminally fistulated Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. The experiment lasted 33 d, including a 5-d pretreatment collection period used as a covariate. Experimental treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with 0 or 1.5% KCO and with 0 or 2% SBO, and balanced to contain 40% forage (57% corn silage + 43% grass silage) and 60% concentrate. Preplanned orthogonal contrasts were used to assess the effects of KCO, SBO, and their interaction. Feeding KCO did not affect milk yield, but tended to increase 4% fat-corrected milk and fat yield when combined with SBO. However, adding SBO to diets increased milk yield. Dietary KCO supplementation did not affect milk fat concentration of trans-10 18:1 or any other identified biohydrogenation intermediates. Soybean oil supplementation decreased milk fat concentration of C16 and de novo synthesized FA, and increased preformed FA. Among the other effects of SBO supplementation observed, concentrations of cis-9,trans-11 18:2 increased, as well as most of the cis and trans isomers of 18:1 and 18:0. Milk urea N decreased in cows fed KCO as compared with unsupplemented diets. A positive relation was established between milk Cl concentration and milk yield, suggesting that the equilibrium of this ion is linked to the efficiency of lactogenesis. The effect of KCO on this mineral equilibrium in the mammary gland remains to be established. Overall, results have shown that potential effect of KCO on milk fat synthesis is dependent on the levels of dietary polyunsaturated FA.

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Addition of potassium carbonate to continuous cultures of mixed ruminal bacteria shifts volatile fatty acids and daily production of biohydrogenation intermediates

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and dietary sulfur level on fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture

Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and dietary sulfur level on fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture

Abomasal infusion of ground corn and ammonium chloride in early-lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to induce hindgut and metabolic acidosis

Interaction of potassium carbonate and soybean oil supplementation on performance of early-lactation dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet

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