Additional cooking fuel supply and reduced global warming potential from recycling charcoal dust into charcoal briquette in Kenya

Njenga, Mary; Karanja, NK; Karlsson, Hanna; Jamnadass, Ramni; Iiyama, Miyuki; Kithinji, Jacob; Sundberg, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.002

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, only 16% of the studies were of these types of biomass in the compacted form. Compacted biomass tends to emit different levels of pollutants in relation to in natura biomass [31,36,41,46]. According to Ghafghazi et al [23], biomass pellets are high quality fuel.…”

Section: Studies Of Particulate Matter Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Njenga et al [31] evaluated the potential use of briquettes obtained from recycled vegetal coal powder, as residential fuel in Kenya. The objective of the study was to quantify benefits from using this type of briquette on the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions.…”

Section: Residences (A) Compacted Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emission factors of PM 2.5 were determined from biomass burning in stoves that use charcoal briquettes, charcoal and kerosene. The authors concluded that the briquette produced from charcoal powder has potential to reduce Greenhouse Gases, since it produces low emissions [31].…”

Section: Residences (A) Compacted Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

et al. 2016

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Emission factor is a relative measure and can be used to estimate emissions from multiple sources of air pollution. For this reason, data from literature on particulate matter emission factors from different types of biomass were evaluated in this paper. Initially, the main sources of particles were described, as well as relevant concepts associated with particle measurements. In addition, articles about particle emissions were classified and described in relation to the sampling environment (open or closed) and type of burned biomass (agricultural, garden, forest, and dung). Based on this analysis, a set of emission factors was presented and discussed. Important observations were made about the main emission sources of particulate matter. Combustion of compacted biomass resulted in lower particulate emission factors. PM 2.5 emissions were predominant in the burning of forest biomass. Emission factors were more elevated in laboratory burning, followed by burns in the field, residences and combustors.

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Section: Studies Of Particulate Matter Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residences (A) Compacted Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

et al. 2016

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“…We estimate the city's population at three million, with an annual growth rate of 2.8% between 2000 and 2015, constituting 7.5% of the country's population [8]. Sixty per cent of the city's population live in low-income informal settlements, and the urban poor is projected to increase to 65% by 2015 [17].…”

Section: Study Sites and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, only 10-20% of the raw wood is converted to charcoal during the production process because of the use of inefficient kilns. Further, about 10-15% of charcoal is wasted along the supply chain to form dust or fines from breakages during handling; this dust can be mainly found at the retail and wholesale stalls [8]. Faced with the disposal challenges of charcoal dust, slum communities turn to making charcoal briquettes with the dust recovered from among the other organic by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A choice experiment study on the fuel preference of Kibera slum households in Kenya

Yonemitsu¹,

Njenga²,

Iiyama³

et al. 2014

Energy and Sustainability V

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In Kenya, woody biomass, especially the charcoal derived from it, is an important energy resource for cooking. As better energy alternatives become available and affordable in developing countries, households tend to switch from traditional biomass to modern fuels such as liquid petroleum gas, kerosene, and electricity. This fuel-switching pattern is often called the 'energy ladder', the ladder steps representing upgrades in the quality of energy services. Meanwhile, fuel briquettes recycled from charcoal dust are gaining popularity as an alternate fuel in urban households facing problems of waste management. The valuing of energy services is important for policy planning and for improving the socioeconomic conditions and environments of households. The objective of this study is to assess the current energy use status of the urban poor in Kenya. More specifically, the study aims to better understand the relative importance of fuel substitution, especially with regard to charcoal, fuel briquettes, and kerosene, and the factors associated with their choice. To estimate the product-specific factors, we conducted a choice experiment study of households in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya, by applying a conditional logit model to identify the various socioeconomic characteristics that determine household preferences for cooking fuels. The study revealed household preferences for modern energy sources and several characteristics affecting consumer choice.

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Biomimetic Wood‐Inspired Batteries: Fabrication, Electrochemical Performance, and Sustainability within a Circular Perspective

Gómez¹,

Lizundia

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Nature's hierarchical materials offer exceptional multifunctional properties thanks to their evolution over millions of years to reach the most optimized organization in terms of function, structure, or chemistry. Exploiting the unique features of natural materials through biomimicry offers an exciting research field with large potential for new discoveries. Wood, as one of the most fascinating biomaterials, combines unique mechanical properties, an anisotropic hierarchical porosity optimized to provide rapid, and low tortuosity pathways for nutrient/water transport, abundance, and biodegradability. Accordingly, wood has inspired scientists to mimic its outstanding properties in artificial analogues to develop batteries with remarkable electrochemical performance. For instance, its sophisticated structure can be transferred to solid‐state materials through biomimetic templating to increase the lifespan and energy density of batteries, while its inherent hierarchical multi‐channeled structure allows the synthesis of current collectors with enhanced ion and electron diffusivity. This Review highlights the recent progress into the application of wood as a hierarchically porous and renewable material to develop different battery components, including the cathode, the anode, the separator, and current collectors. The potential of wood‐inspired batteries to lessen the pressure over critical raw materials and additional environmental sustainability benefits are highlighted within a circular economy perspective.

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Additional cooking fuel supply and reduced global warming potential from recycling charcoal dust into charcoal briquette in Kenya

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

A choice experiment study on the fuel preference of Kibera slum households in Kenya

Biomimetic Wood‐Inspired Batteries: Fabrication, Electrochemical Performance, and Sustainability within a Circular Perspective

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