Additional records of indigenous and naturalised plants with observations on the distribution of<i>Gunnera tinctoria</i>, on Stewart Island, New Zealand

Heenan, P. B.; Lange, P. J. de; Rance, B. D.; Sykes, W. R.; Meurk, Colin D.; Korver, M. A.

doi:10.1080/00288250909509787

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…; Gioria & Osborne ; Heenan et al . ). Water availability and temperature are the major factors limiting its distribution (Osborne ,b; Osborne et al .…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Heenan et al . ). Its invasiveness on coastal cliffs, down to the high tide mark, is indicative of tolerance to inundation with salt water and to exposure to salt spray, although individuals growing under those conditions are somewhat smaller ( c. 1.5 m in height) than those found along watercourses or in wet meadows ( c. 2 m), and they can show visible signs of leaf damage (Gioria ).…”

Section: Response To Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On Stewart Island, it was considered naturalized by 1988 (Webb, Sykes & Garnock‐Jones ) and, by 2007, ‘mature and well‐established’ individuals were found from over 30 sites on the island, in urban environments and within the indigenous vegetation (Heenan et al . ).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Heenan et al . ) and is naturalized in all thirteen Department of Conservation Conservancies (Owen ). It is invasive on Mount Taranaki, in the North Island, from sea level to 380 m a.s.l., while it has a scattered distribution in the rest of the country (Williams et al .…”

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Hickey ; Gioria & Osborne ; Heenan et al . ), with detailed records for New Zealand (Williams et al . ; Fennel et al .…”

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of theBritishIsles:Gunnera tinctoria

Gioria

2012

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. (G. chilensis Lam.; G. scabra Ruix & Pav.; G. pilosa Kunth) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Gunnera tinctoria is a gynomonoecious, clonal, perennial herb that is naturalized in parts of Britain, becoming invasive in parts of Ireland and, more recently, Scotland. It occurs where winter temperatures are mild, and precipitation and humidity are high. Gunnera tinctoria is native to South America, predominantly in the Andean region of Chile and Colombia, and probably in parts of Argentina, ranging from sea level to c. 2000 m a.s.l. 3. Typical habitats in Britain and Ireland include stream and river banks, lake and pond margins, coastal cliffs, as well as disturbed areas, such as roadsides, quarries and ditches. In its native range it occurs predominantly on the banks of rivers and streams, on coastal cliffs and within canopy gaps or at the margins of temperate-humid rain forests. 4. Gunnera tinctoria occurs on a variety of substrates, mainly on alluvial or colluvial soils derived from volcanic material or on thin gley soils of marine origin. In Ireland, it occurs naturally on soils with a pH ranging from 4.6 to 6.2 and has been cultivated in soils with a pH up to 7. Soil moisture content and soil organic matter vary greatly, although it rarely colonizes highly organic soils such as peat. It is susceptible to even mild water deficits at all stages of development, and its seedlings are also sensitive to waterlogged conditions. 5. Gunnera tinctoria produces large numbers of seeds and also spreads clonally, by a horizontal rhizome system. It is wind pollinated, although insect pollination has been reported in New Zealand. Seeds are likely to be predominantly water and/or bird dispersed. In its invasive range, it can form a large and persistent soil seed bank. Recruitment from seeds seems to be important for its initial establishment, while vegetative propagation is the main means of expansion, leading to dense clonal stands. Long-distance seed dispersal seems to be central to the colonization of new areas, although the transport of vegetative propagules may also be important. 6. Gunnera tinctoria is a strong competitor in its invasive range, particularly in wet, humid environments. Its competitive ability arises from its large stature, the persistence of its seeds and rhizomes and a capacity for fixing nitrogen through a unique intracellular symbiosis with cyanobacteria (Nostoc) that may be particularly important for supporting the rapid growth of established plants early in the spring.

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“…; Gioria & Osborne ; Heenan et al . ). Water availability and temperature are the major factors limiting its distribution (Osborne ,b; Osborne et al .…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Response To Environmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Hickey ; Gioria & Osborne ; Heenan et al . ), with detailed records for New Zealand (Williams et al . ; Fennel et al .…”

Section: Geographical and Altitudinal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of theBritishIsles:Gunnera tinctoria

Gioria

2012

Journal of Ecology

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Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) supports two highly differentiated endemic species in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia

Chagné

Montanari

Kirk

et al. 2023

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Leptospermum scoparium is the basis of a flourishing honey industry in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and Australia. The genetic structure of L. scoparium across its range in NZ and Australia was previously assessed using pooled, whole genome sequencing; however, only one sampling site in Tasmania was included. Here, we used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for genotyping samples of L. scoparium collected in natural stands around Tasmania and NZ, to determine the genetic relationship between L. scoparium individuals from the two regions. In total, 2069 high quality, polymorphic SNP markers were applied across the sample set of 504 individuals, revealing that Tasmanian L. scoparium are genetically distinct from NZ mānuka, confirming the observation from the pooled whole genome sequencing project. FST and discriminant analysis of principal components confirmed that the Tasmanian populations are well differentiated genetically from NZ populations, suggesting that they should be recognised as a separate, endemic Australian species. Within NZ, eight geographic groups are distinguished with genotypic variation exhibiting north to south landscape scale patterns with regional genetic clusters. We found support for isolation by distance, and this was reflected in the range of pairwise FST values estimated between NZ genetic clusters (0.056 to 0.356); however, each geographic genetic group exhibits geneflow and is only weakly differentiated from neighbouring clusters as evidenced by low population differentiation (low pairwise FST). These data provide little support for taxonomic revision and subdividing L. scoparium into segregate species within NZ.

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Crassula natansvar.minus(Crassulaceae) a new trans-Tasman natural weed arrival to northern New Zealand

Lange¹,

Rolfe

Townsend³

2011

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Crassula natans var. minus (Crassulaceae) is recorded for the first time from New Zealand, in the northern North Island at Lake Waiporohita, Karikari Peninsula. Native to southern Africa, this Crassula was previously known from Australasia only as a naturalized plant of Australia. Its discovery in the shoreline turf communities at Lake Waiporohita in mid November 2010 is regarded as a recent, natural dispersal event from Australia. Although Crassula natans var. minus has almost certainly naturally dispersed to New Zealand from Australia, it is regarded as naturalized to New Zealand rather than indigenous. A description of Crassula natans var. minus based on New Zealand specimens is provided.

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Additional records of indigenous and naturalised plants with observations on the distribution ofGunnera tinctoria, on Stewart Island, New Zealand

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Biological Flora of theBritishIsles:Gunnera tinctoria

Biological Flora of theBritishIsles:Gunnera tinctoria

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) supports two highly differentiated endemic species in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia

Crassula natansvar.minus(Crassulaceae) a new trans-Tasman natural weed arrival to northern New Zealand

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