Additional role of sarcopenia to waist circumference in predicting the odds of metabolic syndrome

Park, Seung Ha; Park, Jae Hee; Park, Ha Young; Jang, Hyuk Jai; Kim, Hyun Kuk; Park, Jinse; Shin, Kyoungsoon; Lee, Jung Goo; Moon, Young Soo

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.08.008

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several cross-sectional studies in Korean populations of older adults have found that sarcopenic obese individuals had the worse cardiovascular risk profile. Sarcopenic obesity (based on skeletal muscle assessed by DXA and obesity measured by either computerised tomography, DXA, BMI or WC) was associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness, higher fasting glucose levels, a higher risk of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, and up to an 8-fold increase in risk of the metabolic syndrome compared with non-sarcopenic, non-obese (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55) . Similar findings were reported in a community-dwelling sample of Taiwanese older adults; sarcopenic obesity (defined by BIA-measured muscle mass and BMI) was associated with the highest risk of metabolic syndrome (56) .…”

Section: Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

2015

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Conference on 'Nutrition and age-related muscle loss, sarcopenia and cachexia' Symposium 4: Sarcopenia and cachexia and social, clinical and public health dimensionsMuscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity S. Goya Wannamethee* and Janice L. AtkinsDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK This paper reviews the health implications of obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on CVD and mortality in older adults and discusses the obesity paradox seen in patients with CVD. Obesity is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. It is an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. However, there is controversy surrounding the effects of obesity as measured by BMI in older people, and overweight and obesity (BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m 2 ) are apparently associated with increased survival in those with CVD (obesity paradox). Ageing is associated with an increase in visceral fat and a progressive loss of muscle mass which have opposing effects on mortality. Thus BMI is not a good indicator of obesity in older adults. Sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a major concern in ageing populations and has been associated with metabolic impairment, CVD risk factors, physical disability and mortality. Sarcopenia often coexists with obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is a new category of obesity in older adults who have high adiposity coupled with low muscle mass. To fully understand the effect of obesity on mortality in the elderly it is important to take muscle mass into account. The evidence suggests that sarcopenia with obesity may be associated with higher levels of metabolic disorders and an increased risk of mortality than obesity or sarcopenia alone. Efforts to promote healthy ageing should focus on both preventing obesity and maintaining or increasing muscle mass.Obesity: Muscle: Sarcopenia: CVD: Mortality: Older adults Obesity, i.e. excess body fat usually defined as BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m 2 , is a major public health problem and is well recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. Obesity prevalence in middle-aged and older adults continues to increase worldwide and has doubled since 1980 (1,2) . However, there is controversy surrounding the effects of overweight and obesity in older people, with many studies showing that being overweight, as defined by BMI of 25-29 kg/m 2 , does not appear to be as harmful in the elderly as in middle-aged populations and may even be associated with lower, rather than higher, mortality (3)(4)(5) . In addition, a large body of evidence indicates that overweight and obesity (BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m 2 ) are associated with increased survival in patients with CVD and in particular those with heart failure, an unexpected finding termed the obesity paradox (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . The mechanisms of these paradoxical association remain largely unexplained but a number of explana...

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Section: Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

2015

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“…Furthermore, we observed significant correlations between WC and front bridge time and side bridge time in men and with front bridge time in women. Large WC has been associated with poor muscle function and increases the risk of sarcopenia [11] , lower back and lower extremity pathologies [12] , and low cardiovascular fitness [13,14] . Our current result provided additional evidence of the adverse effect of large WC on low core muscle function in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative correlation between core muscle function and body composition in young people aged 18-30 years

Rasif¹,

Wang²

2017

Int. J. Sport Exc. Health Res.

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Young adults (men = 48, women = 50) between the ages of 18 to 30 participated in this cross-sectional study that aimed to investigate the effects of body composition on core muscle function, as well as age and gender differences in core muscle function of young adults. Height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), sum of skin folds and waist circumference were measured. Lengths of time holding the front bridge and side bridge were recorded as the measure of core muscle function. Increased sum of skin folds, body mass and waist circumference were associated with poor core muscle function in men and women (p < 0.05). However, high BMI correlated negatively with men's core muscle function only (p < 0.05). ANOVA analysis revealed that men had significantly better core muscle function than women (p < 0.05).

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“…The association with hypertension is the most studied. Studies evaluating sarcopenia by ASM adjusted for body mass (12,14,21,44,45,51) and SMI (19) and obesity by BMI (12,14,21,44), the WC (45,51) andVFA (19) showed that both men and women with SO had higher blood pressure values compared with sarcopenic, obese or normal individuals (12,14,19,21). Individuals with SO also had higher prevalence of (44,45) and a higher odds ratio of developing hypertension compared to normal subjects (44,51).…”

Section: So Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After adjusting for confounding factors the group with SO showed a higher chance of dyslipidemia (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.76-4.51) regardless of sex (15). Many cross-sectional studies in the Korean population, especially in elderly subjects (7,10,14,43,44), but also in adults (11,12,45), showed that SO was associated with changes in the lipid profile characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides (TGL) (7,10,14,22,(43)(44)(45), total cholesterol (TC) (22) and reduction of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) (10,11). They used as criterion for diagnosis of sarcopenia, ASM adjusted for body mass and for obesity, BMI > 25 kg/m 2 , the visceral fat area (VFA) by computed tomography (CT) or waist circumference (WC).…”

Section: So and Risk Factors For Cardiometabolic And Cardiovascular Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong relationship between SO and MetS has been little explored, but it is known that the inflammatory process plays a key role in this respect because it is associated with increased AT and MM deficit and insulin resistance, favoring the altered metabolism (13). Studies using diagnostic sarcopenia ASM adjusted for body mass (7,11,14,45) or the height (4,6) and the SMI by BIA (13) and by DEXA (11), and the obesity diagnosis by percentage of FM (4,6), VFA (7,11), BMI (13,14) and WC (45), showed that individuals with SO had higher prevalence of MetS compared to groups regardless of sex (4,11,14,45) and only when compared to normal subjects (6). The SO also showed an association with components of MetS (13) and the amount of components (6) presented by subjects with the syndrome.…”

Section: So Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: where are we?

Gusmão-Sena¹,

Curvello-Silva

Barreto-Medeiros

et al. 2016

Nutr Hosp

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ResumenIntroducción: los principales cambios en la composición del cuerpo refi eren el incremento de tejido adiposo y/o la disminución de masa muscular, y estos cambios tienen efecto en varios resultados clínicos. La obesidad sarcopénica (OS) consiste en la presencia simultánea del exceso de tejido adiposo y el défi cit de masa muscular. Las personas con OS pueden tener un efecto sinérgico debido a la obesidad y la sarcopenia, lo que incrementa el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, más que la obesidad en sí. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos en la literatura científi ca sobre la asociación de la SO y los factores de riesgo y/o ECM (enfermedad cardiometabólica) o enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS y Web of Science, usando las expresiones coincidentes y los operadores booleanos: "obesidad sarcopénica" o " sarcopénica obesidad ", en los títulos de los estudios, y "enfermedad cardiometabólica" o "enfermedad cardiovascular" o "síndrome metabólico" o "resistencia a la insulina", en el abstract. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios son de corte transversales y presentan diferentes criterios de diagnóstico para la OS. Fue posible verifi car la asociación de la OS y los factores de riesgo y/o ECM o ECV. Conclusión: la OS está asociada con los factores de riesgo y/o ECM o ECV. La falta de un consenso sobre esta defi nición pone en peligro la efectividad de la práctica clínica y la investigación sobre el tema. AbstractIntroduction: The main changes in the body composition refer to the increase of adipose tissue and/or the decrease of muscular mass, and these changes have effect in many clinical outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) consists of the presence of excessive adipose tissue and defi cit of muscular mass simultaneously. People with SO may have synergistic effect due to obesity and sarcopenia, with increases cardiovascular risk more than obesity itself. Objective: To describe the fi ndings in the literature about the association between SO and risk factors and/or cardiometabolic disease (CMD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: An electronic search was done on the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science, using the matching expressions and Boolean operators: "obesity sarcopenic" OR "sarcopenic obesity", in the titles of the studies, AND "cardiometabolic disease" OR "cardiovascular disease" OR "metabolic syndrome" OR "insulin resistance", in the abstract. Results: Most of studies are cross-sectional and present many different diagnosis criteria for SO. It was possible to verify the association of the SO and the risk factors and/or CMD or CVD. Conclusion: SO is associated with risk factors and/or CMD or CVD. The lack of a consensus about this defi nition jeopardizes the effective clinical practice and the research about the subject.

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Additional role of sarcopenia to waist circumference in predicting the odds of metabolic syndrome

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

Negative correlation between core muscle function and body composition in young people aged 18-30 years

Association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: where are we?

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