Additions to the barnacle (Crustacea: Cirripedia) fauna of South Africa

Abstract

The first two barnacle species to be recorded from South Africa were documented in a monograph by Krauss (1848) on South African Mollusca (barnacles being regarded as molluscs at that time). Stebbing (1910) subsequently documented 26 barnacle species within his 'General Catalogue of South African Crustacea'. This was quickly increased in the comprehensive monographic treatment by Barnard (1924), and that review still remains the key taxonomic reference to the regional cirripede fauna. Barnard (1924) stated in his introduction that he listed 74 regional species, but in reality several of these were varieties or subspecies, and two were reported only from outside the political borders of South Africa. Thus, by our count, he listed 61 full species from South African waters. Both Stebbing (1910) and Barnard (1924) also appear to have failed to report on the introduced Perforatus perforatus, which was first recorded from Simonstown by Gruvel (1907), and found again during the present study. Following Barnard's (1924) monograph the corrected regional fauna thus stood at 62 species.Subsequent to his monograph, Barnard (1925) added four additional species: Scalpellum velutinum (now Arcoscalpellum michelottianum), S. regina (now Litoscalpellum rigina), Megalasma annandalei and Cryptophialus turbonis (now Australophialus turbonis). Since that time, remarkably few additions have been made to the barnacle fauna of the region. Sandison (1950a) reported on a remarkable new larval form, which she named Nauplius longispinosus, but since that larva cannot be associated with any adult, it is not considered here as an additional species record. Barnard (1955) added one additional species, Conchoderma hunteri, and Sandison (1950b) reported a single individual of the introduced species Elminius modestus from Cape Town Docks. In the past 65 years, only a single additional species has been added to the fauna, the introduced Balanus glandula, which was reported by Simon-Blecher et al. (2008). This brings the known fauna at the initiation of the present study to 69 species. The current study adds an additional 14 newly recorded species, raising the total by more than 20% to 83 species. MethodsThe new records reported on below are derived mainly from examination of the accumulated unidentified collections held by the Iziko South African Museum, although some additional, freshly collected material was also gathered by the authors. In the following account taxa are systematically arranged in sequence, according to inferred phylogenetic relationships. The sequence is based mainly upon that given by Zevina (1981), Jones et al. (2000 and Pitombo (2004). Each species is entered under its currently accepted binomen, followed by the original author's name and year of description. Key synonyms and taxonomic references are provided, but these lists are not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to alert readers to the locations of full descriptions of these species and to the principal alternative names that have been used.A short diagnosis and a...

An example for transatlantic hitchhiking by macrozoobenthic organisms with a research vessel

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