Additions to the silicified upper devonian/lower carboniferous flora from ballyheigue, Ireland

Matten, Lawrence C.; Tanner, William R.; Lacey, William S.

doi:10.1016/0034-6667(84)90002-2

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The palaeofloras of the two components of Laurussia have much in common, even sharing the same genus and species of ovules (e.g. Pseudosporogonites bertrandii [4]), and are known for pollen organs [43][44][45] or anatomy of seed plant branches [43,[46][47][48][49]. Recently, the Famennian Cosmosperma (cupules and pollen organs) [5], Kongshania (pollen organs) [50], Placotheca (pollen organs) [51] and Yiduxylon (vegetative branches with anatomy) [52] have been reported from South China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latisemenia longshania , gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Devonian seed plant from China

et al. 2015

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The earliest known ovules in the Late Devonian (Famennian) are borne terminally on fertile branches and are typically enclosed in a cupule. Among these ovules are some that have terete integumentary lobes with little or no fusion. Here, we report a new taxon, Latisemenia longshania , from the Famennian of South China, which bears cupulate ovules that are terminal as well as opposite on the fertile axis. Each ovule has four broad integumentary lobes, which are extensively fused to each other and also to the nucellus. The cupule is uniovulate, and the five flattened cupule segments of each terminal ovule are elongate cuneate and shorter than the ovule. Associated but not attached pinnules are laminate and Sphenopteris -like, with an entire or lobate margin. Latisemenia is the earliest known plant with ovules borne on the side of the fertile axis and may foreshadow the diverse ovule arrangements found among younger seed plant lineages that emerge in the Carboniferous. Following the telome theory, Latisemenia demonstrates derived features in both ovules and cupules, and the shape and fusion of integumentary lobes suggest effective pollination and protection to the nucellus. Along with other recent discoveries from China, Latisemenia extends the palaeogeographic range of the earliest seed plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latisemenia longshania , gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Devonian seed plant from China

et al. 2015

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“…Phyllotaxy is most often opposite decussate, with leaf traces forming at the ends of each rib (Gordon 1938). However, the specimens that we describe here reveal that the data sets of Gordon (1938) and Matten et al (1984) are too small to accurately describe the range of variation of most vegetative characters of T. bupatides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…7E) supports the interpretation that at least some of the Amyelon-type roots in the Oxroad Bay deposits were produced by T. bupatides, and it suggests that currently known stems accurately reflect plant size rather than represent the limbs of a larger plant. Therefore, T. bupatides was most likely a scrambling plant (Gordon 1938) or vine rather than a shrubby plant (Bateman 1991;Bateman et al 1995), given the lack of branching in any of Gordon's (1938) original stems, the specimens studied by Matten et al (1984), and the 59 new specimens of T. bupatides studied here.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…Among hydrasperman seed ferns, the Lyginopteridaceae is a paraphyletic assemblage (i.e., grade or group) most commonly described from permineralized stems, because stems are relatively abundant and readily preserved, are more morphologically conservative than fructifications, and are less homoplasic than foliage (Dunn 2006). Stem morphotaxa placed in this family (see Galtier 1988;Dunn et al 2003b for discussions) include 10 manoxylic genera: Heterangium Corda 1845, Lyginopteris Potonié 1899, Rhetinangium Gordon 1912, Tetrastichia Gordon 1938, Schopfiastrum Andrews 1945, Microspermopteris Baxter 1949, Tristichia Long 1961, Lyginopitys Galtier 1970, Laceya May and Matten 1983, and Trivena Dunn et al 2003b (Dunn 2006), and possibly Kerryoxylon Matten et al 1984(Taylor et al 2009). However, with the exception of Lyginopteris oldhamia, which is known from the sum of its parts (Oliver and Scott 1904;Scott 1908), no other hydrasperman seed fern has been reliably reconstructed as a whole plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The sections were made from fragments of several specimens that were broken up during collecting (Gordon 1938), such that features of the stems and fronds were pieced together from several fragments of each. The subsequently described Tetrastichia material from Ireland consists of a single specimen prepared as 10 peels and five sections (Matten et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic Plasticity of the Hydrasperman Seed FernTetrastichia bupatidesGordon (Lyginopteridaceae)

Dunn

Rothwell

2012

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Fifty-nine stems of Tetrastichia bupatides, numerous frond segments, and roots from Oxroad Bay, Scotland, have recently been analyzed. They reveal that many characters originally used to describe this species exhibit a wider range of variation than previously suspected. These data suggest that ribs of the protostele are most commonly four in number but range from three to five. Phyllotaxy ranges from opposite decussate to twofifths, and rachis forking can be equal or unequal. Secondary xylem could be produced by all stems regardless of size, and rachis trace morphology ranges from ''butterfly'' shaped, to U-, to broadly U-, to T-shaped. Pinnules are vascularized by a single trace that diverges from the outermost protoxylem strand of a pinna trace. These ranges of variation for many characters complicate identification of isolated specimens, but stems can be identified by a consistent mode of rachis trace production, and frond parts can be correlated by common histological characters and a continuous range of variation in trace configuration. These wide ranges of variation in numerous characters demonstrate that phenotypic plasticity could be far greater in some hydrasperman seed ferns than previously realized and the taxonomic diversity at Oxroad Bay may be lower than previously thought.

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Origin of Seed Plants: An Aneurophyte/Seed‐fern Link Elaborated

Rothwell

Erwin

1987

American J of Botany

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Gymnosperm‐like stem and frond fragments have been discovered in the same Devonian deposits of West Virginia that yield the most ancient seeds. The vegetative organs exhibit the stem/leaf differentiation and frond structure that are characteristic of seed ferns, but they have a stelar configuration and a protoxylem architecture that are most similar to aneurophytalean progymnosperms. This combination of features supports the hypothesis that aneurophytalean progymnosperms are ancestral to gymnosperms.

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Additions to the silicified upper devonian/lower carboniferous flora from ballyheigue, Ireland

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Latisemenia longshania , gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Devonian seed plant from China

Latisemenia longshania , gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Devonian seed plant from China

Phenotypic Plasticity of the Hydrasperman Seed FernTetrastichia bupatidesGordon (Lyginopteridaceae)

Origin of Seed Plants: An Aneurophyte/Seed‐fern Link Elaborated

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