Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo

Fluhr, Joachim W.; Akengin, A.; Bornkessel, Anja; Fuchs, S.; Praessler, Jana; Norgauer, Johannes; Grieshaber, R.; Kleesz, Peter; Elsner, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06430.x

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In general, the tenside SLS possesses an exsiccation effect on the SC [45] . However, after initial exsiccation 1 h after patch removal hyperhydration was observed by capacitance measurement on day 1 after a 24-hour single SLS exposure [69] .…”

Section: Sc Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the exposure model and the evaluation methods are important variables influencing the outcome in irritancy testing [43,44] . Combining detergents and physical irritants creates an additive effect on SC barrier impairment [45,46] . Tandem repeated irritation tests (TRITs) demonstrated that combined mechanical irritation, SLS and occlusion cause complementary effects on the epidermal barrier disruption [45] .…”

Section: Irritation and Skin Barrier Integrity And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining detergents and physical irritants creates an additive effect on SC barrier impairment [45,46] . Tandem repeated irritation tests (TRITs) demonstrated that combined mechanical irritation, SLS and occlusion cause complementary effects on the epidermal barrier disruption [45] . Further studies demonstrated the additive effect of chemical irritants of different nature, such as SLS, solvents and biogenic amines and fruity acids [47][48][49] .…”

Section: Irritation and Skin Barrier Integrity And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Skin Irritation and Sensitization: Mechanisms and New Approaches for Risk Assessment

Fluhr

Darlenski

Angelova-Fischer

et al. 2008

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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113

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Cutaneous irritation presents a major health problem with serious social and occupational impact. The interaction between an irritant and the human skin depends on multiple factors: the intrinsic properties and the nature of the irritant itself, and specific individual- and environment-related variables. The main pathological mechanisms of irritancy include skin barrier disruption, induction of a cytokine cascade and involvement of the oxidative stress network; all of them resulting in a visible or subclinical inflammatory reaction. In vivo, different non-invasive parameters for the evaluation of skin irritation and irritant potential of compounds and their specific formulations have been introduced, such as epidermal barrier function, skin hydration, surface pH, lipid composition, skin colour and skin blood flow. The diverse physiological changes caused by irritating agents require implementation of a multiparametric approach in the evaluation of cutaneous irritancy.

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Section: Sc Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Irritation and Skin Barrier Integrity And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Irritation and Skin Barrier Integrity And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Skin Irritation and Sensitization: Mechanisms and New Approaches for Risk Assessment

Fluhr

Darlenski

Angelova-Fischer

et al. 2008

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

Self Cite

113

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“…Using the tandem repeated irritation test [11], several authors investigated the irritant potential of some specific combinations of irritants [12,13,14,15,16] reviewed in Kartono and Maibach [17]. Several years back, an overadditive effect of skin irritation after tandem application of SLS and toluene was demonstrated in contrast to applications of each irritant alone [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem Repeated Application of Organic Solvents and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Enhances Cumulative Skin Irritation

Schliemann¹,

Schmidt²,

Elsner³

2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The objective of our study was to investigate the tandem irritation potential of two organic solvents with concurrent exposure to the hydrophilic detergent irritant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). A tandem repeated irritation test was performed with two undiluted organic solvents, cumene (C) and octane (O), with either alternating application with SLS 0.5% or twice daily application of each irritant alone in 27 volunteers on the skin of the back. The cumulative irritation induced over 4 days was quantified using visual scoring and non-invasive bioengineering measurements (skin colour reflectance, skin hydration and transepidermal water loss). Repeated application of C/SLS and O/SLS induced more decline of stratum corneum hydration and higher degrees of clinical irritation and erythema compared to each irritant alone. Our results demonstrate a further example of additive harmful skin effects induced by particular skin irritants and indicate that exposure to organic solvents together with detergents may increase the risk of acquiring occupational contact dermatitis.

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“…Achieving protective levels of anti-tetanus immune responses following antigen application to ultrasound-pretreated skin, in the absence of SDS in the coupling medium, or adjuvant, shows the promise of ultrasound for skin immunisation, and further study with other antigens and in other species is merited. For ultrasound-assisted skin permeabilisation, SDS is often included in the coupling medium at 1% w/v, (Tezel et al, 2004;Mitragotri & Kost 2001;Tezel et al, 2005), despite the fact that it is a skin irritant (Agner & Serup 1990), especially when applied concomitantly with other irritants (Fluhr et al, 2005). However, we show for the first time the feasibility of using low-frequency ultrasound for skin immunisation, in the absence of SDS.…”

Section: Topical Antigen Application To Intact Skin In the Absence Ofmentioning

confidence: 77%

Transcutaneous immunisation assisted by low-frequency ultrasound

Dahlan

Alpar

Stickings

et al. 2009

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Low-frequency ultrasound application is known to increase the skin's permeability to large molecules such as vaccines, and to enable transcutaneous immunisation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) -a skin irritant -is often included in the coupling medium at 1% w/v, as this has been found to enhance skin permeability. In this paper we show, for the first time, the feasibility of low-frequency ultrasound-assisted transcutaneous immunisation in the absence of SDS. Antibody titres were strongly influenced by experimental conditions. SDS presence in the coupling medium increased antibody titres, though a lower concentration of 0.5% w/v generated much higher titres than the commonly used 1%w/v, despite causing less skin damage. A lower ultrasound duty cycle of 10% generated higher antibody titres than a duty cycle of 20%, also despite causing lower skin damage. Such lack of correlation between skin damage and immune responses indicates that enhancement of skin permeability to topically-applied antigen (as indicated by changes in skin integrity) was not the main mechanism of low-frequency ultrasound-assisted skin immunisation.

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Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo

Abstract: Physical irritants (friction, abrasive grains, occlusion) and detergents such as SLS represent a significant irritation risk and should be minimized, especially when acting together, as shown in our TRIT model.

Cited by 80 publications

References 50 publications

Skin Irritation and Sensitization: Mechanisms and New Approaches for Risk Assessment

Skin Irritation and Sensitization: Mechanisms and New Approaches for Risk Assessment

Tandem Repeated Application of Organic Solvents and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Enhances Cumulative Skin Irritation

Transcutaneous immunisation assisted by low-frequency ultrasound

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