Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

Ngo, Tuan; Kashani, Alireza; Imbalzano, Gabriele; Nguyen, Kate; Hui, David

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012

Cited by 5,956 publications

(3,304 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…As a novel production technology, additive manufacturing is able to create a three-dimensional object directly from the ComputerAided Design (3D CAD) system without the need for expensive tooling and much time [6][7][8]. It is going through an exponential growth, due to its enormous potential for rapid manufacturing of complex or customized shapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jamming during particle spreading in additive manufacturing

et al. 2018

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is going through an exponential growth, due to its enormous potential for rapid manufacturing of complex shapes. One of the manufacturing methods is based on powder processing, but its major bottleneck is associated with powder spreading, as mechanical arching adversely affects both product quality and speed of production. Here we analyse transient jamming of gas-atomised metal powders during spreading. These particles are highly frictional, as they have asperities and multiple spheres and are prone to jamming in narrow gaps. Therefore their detailed characterisations of mechanical properties are critical to be able to reliably predict the jamming frequency as influenced by powder properties and process conditions. Special methods have been used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of gas-atomised stainless steel powders. These properties are then used in numerical simulations of powder spreading by the Discrete Element Method. Particle shape is reconstructed for the simulations as a function of particle size. The characteristic size D 90 by number (i.e. the particle size, based on the projected-area diameter, for which 90% of particles by number are smaller than this value) is used as the particle dimension accountable for jamming. Jamming is manifested by empty patches over the work surface. Its frequency and period have been characterised as a function of the spreader gap height, expressed as multiple of D 90 . The probability of formation of empty patches and their mean length, the latter indicating jamming duration, increase sharply with the decrease of the gap height. The collapse of the mechanical arches leads to particle bursts after the blade. The frequency of jamming for a given survival time decreases exponentially as the survival time increases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jamming during particle spreading in additive manufacturing

et al. 2018

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“…3D printing technology is advancing rapidly and the capabilities and applications are being reported more widely . These factors have led to the technology increasingly being applied in new areas and for new purposes.…”

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confidence: 99%

3D printing and medical imaging

Squelch¹

2018

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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Three‐dimensional (3D) printing and medical imaging have a complementary association, the benefits and application areas of which are increasingly documented and further illustrated in this journal publication. Medical imaging data can be appropriately processed (i.e. segmented) to provide the geometric information from which accurate and realistic 3D medical models can be generated. The resulting models can be printed in a range of different materials to suit their use as phantoms in medical radiation and imaging studies, for medical imaging education and training or patient communication.

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“…It can be applied in various fields with cost reduction effect in the process of product development. It is also useful in the field of biomedical medicine where patient‐custom products are required because user customizable products can be produced . In this paper, we produced customized products to obtain acne photographs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of skin disease using multi‐view mobile images

Hong

Lee

2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background/Purpose In skin beauty area, interest in diagnosis and management methods for acne is increasing. However, it is difficult to diagnose protruding skin disease by two‐dimensional (2D) image. Three‐dimensional (3D) approach is needed. The purpose of this study was to propose a system for reconstructing 3D model (visual hull) of 2D images obtained using mobile devices. Methods Acne images were acquired using a 3D printing mobile image acquisition system. Using two attached mirrors, five multi‐view acne silhouette images were obtained. They were then, reconstructed to 3D. To measure the volume of the formed 3D model (visual hull), post‐processing, calculation, and texture mapping were performed. The volume of acne samples designed with 3D printing was compared with the volume calculated in the produced system using statistical analysis program. Results The 3D modeling program demonstrated its superiority by showing high correlation (r = 0.783) between the actual volume of acne and the volume calculated by the system. The 3D model (visual hull) was successfully reconstructed by capturing 2D images of actual acne. Conclusion In this study, we created a system to reconstruct small sized protruding skin disease images such as acne obtained with mobile devices. The 3D printing system was used to obtain images from mobile camera and reconstructed to 3D. To verify the volume of the reconstructed model, 3D printing samples were produced and compared with the calculated actual volume. It can be used, for initial diagnosis by receiving information about the protruding skin disease without space‐time constraints using a mobile device.

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Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

Cited by 5,956 publications

References 250 publications

Jamming during particle spreading in additive manufacturing

Jamming during particle spreading in additive manufacturing

3D printing and medical imaging

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of skin disease using multi‐view mobile images

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