“…As 3D printing technology scales, understanding parameter-sensitive effects becomes essential for maintaining quality across larger production volumes, and this information aids in predictive modeling, simulation, regulatory compliance, education and training (Aydin and Kucuk, 2018; Jayasudha et al , 2022; Geng et al , 2023). Ultimately, these insights find practical application across industries like aerospace, automotive, health care, electronics and beyond, enhancing product performance, innovation and competitiveness (Peker et al , 2020; Hassanin et al , 2021; Hajare and Gajbhiye, 2022).…”