Additive Manufacturing of Pure Mo and Mo + TiC MMC Alloy by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

Rock, Christopher; Ellis, Betsy; Ledford, Christopher; Leonard, Donovan N.; Kannan, Rangasayee; Kirka, Michael M.; Horn, Timothy

doi:10.1007/s11837-020-04442-8

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[28] Rock et al successfully processed a mechanically alloyed powder composed of 60 vol% Mo and 40 vol% TiC using PBF-EB, demonstrating the versatility and potential of PBF-EB in processing TiC-based composites. [29] So far, to produce ceramic/metal composites using powder bed fusion AM approaches, a powder blend (ceramic powder þ metal powder) has always been used as feedstock. [14] Commonly, ceramic powders are produced via milling, while metal powders are derived by atomization, corresponding to a high fabrication price.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301313mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of TiC/Steel Composites Using Electron Beam Melting and In Situ Infiltration

Chen,

Fu,

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Cemented carbides containing titanium carbide (TiC), characterized by low specific weight, superior hardness, and excellent high‐temperature resistance, are widely used as wear‐resistant cutting tools and brake discs. Instead of using conventional powder metallurgical approaches, composites comprising TiC and stainless steel are fabricated in this study by means of an innovative method combining electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF‐EB) and in situ liquid metal infiltration. For PBF‐EB, a pure TiC powder as feedstock and a stainless steel plate as substrate are used, respectively. Owing to the high processing temperature in the hatching area, the TiC particles are inhomogeneously sintered. Simultaneously, an in situ infiltration of liquid steel into the pores between TiC particles takes place during PBF‐EB, forming a dense and crack‐free composite material containing ≈68% TiC. The electrical properties of the raw TiC powder are investigated at different temperatures to optimize the process parameters ensuring high process stability during PBF‐EB. The microstructure and mechanical properties (compression strength, hardness, and fracture toughness) of the PBF‐EB‐produced TiC/steel composite are analyzed.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301313mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of TiC/Steel Composites Using Electron Beam Melting and In Situ Infiltration

Chen,

Fu,

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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“…A distinct advantage of the small build tank setup used in this study is heat distribution over a smaller volume, limiting heat transfer to surrounding components in the chamber which are stainless steel in most Arcam machines. This small build tank design has facilitated EB-PBF of other refractory materials including W [34], Mo+TiC [12], and C-103 [25].…”

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alloys that populate these categories include Nb-1Zr and PWC-11, D-43, and AS-30, respectively. PWC-11 (Nb-1Zr-0.1C) is ZrC strengthened with substantial ductility, which has allowed both Nb-1Zr and PWC-11 to be commercially used and researched [ 4 , 12 , 13 ]. However, their tensile strengths degrade quickly over 1200 °C, and neither has sufficient creep strength above ~900 °C [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of AM to Nb has been predominantly focused on pure Nb [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Currently, the literature pertaining to EB-PBF of other non-formable refractory alloys is limited; Mo+TiC [ 12 ], WC-Co [ 23 ], and Nb-TiAl [ 24 ] are a few examples. Though these efforts have yielded various degrees of success in terms of density, cracking, and alloy homogenization, they collectively suggest that non-fabricable high-strength Nb alloys can also be processed by EB-PBF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Beam Melting of Niobium Alloys from Blended Powders

et al. 2021

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Niobium-based tungsten alloys are desirable for high-temperature structural applications yet are restricted in practice by limited room-temperature ductility and fabricability. Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is one technology that could be leveraged to process alloys with limited ductility, without the need for pre-alloying. A custom electron beam powder bed fusion machine was used to demonstrate the processability of blended Nb-1Zr, Nb-10W-1Zr-0.1C, and Nb-20W-1Zr-0.1C powders, with resulting solid optical densities of 99+%. Ultimately, post-processing heat treatments were required to increase tungsten diffusion in niobium, as well as to attain satisfactory mechanical properties.

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“…Co was used to initiate liquid phase sintering by melting the Co using the electron beam which then initiated grain growth of the WC. [ 26,31,32 ] Using a metal alloy as a matrix for ceramics and metal carbides can improve the prerequisites for melting these materials with EB‐PBF which has been previously shown, [ 13–15,25,26,31,32 ] but according to Table 1 metal carbides should be possible to print without any sintering aid, which has been the focus of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feasibility of Melting NbC Using Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

Wennersten,

Xu,

Armakavicius

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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High melting point materials such as ceramics and metal carbides are in general difficult to manufacture due to their physical properties, which imposes the need for new manufacturing methods where electron beam powder bed fusion (EB‐PBF) seems promising. Most materials that have been successfully printed with EB‐PBF are metals and metal alloys with good electrical conductivity, whereas dielectric materials such as ceramics are generally difficult to print. Catastrophic problems such as smoking and spattering can occur during the EB‐PBF processing owing to inappropriate physical properties such as lack of electrical, and thermal conductivity and high melting point, which are challenging to overcome by process optimization. Due to these difficulties, a limited level of understanding has been achieved regarding melting ceramics and refractory alloys. In this work, three different substrates of niobium carbide (NbC) were melted using EB‐PBF. The established process parameter window showed a good correlation between EB‐PBF process parameters, surface and melt characteristics, which could be used as a baseline for a printing process. Melting NbC was proven feasible using EB‐PBF, the work also pointed out challenges related to arc trips and spattering, as well as future investigations necessary to create a stable printing process.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Additive Manufacturing of Pure Mo and Mo + TiC MMC Alloy by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Additive Manufacturing of TiC/Steel Composites Using Electron Beam Melting and In Situ Infiltration

Additive Manufacturing of TiC/Steel Composites Using Electron Beam Melting and In Situ Infiltration

Electron Beam Melting of Niobium Alloys from Blended Powders

Feasibility of Melting NbC Using Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

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