Additive manufacturing of Ti-45Al-4Nb-C by selective electron beam melting for automotive applications

Juechter, Vera; Franke, Martin; Merenda, T.; Stich, A.; Körner, Carolin; Singer, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.008

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been applied to manufacture various titanium alloys [7][8][9] as well as titanium aluminide alloys [10][11][12]. AM is a promising way to manufacture intermetallic alloy parts since it offers significant advantages in terms of design freedom and cost reduction compared to conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy Using Gas Atomized and Mechanically Alloyed Plasma Spheroidized Powders

et al. 2020

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In this paper, laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) with a high-temperature inductive platform preheating was used to fabricate intermetallic TiAl-alloy samples. The gas atomized (GA) and mechanically alloyed plasma spheroidized (MAPS) powders of the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at. %) alloy were used as the feedstock material. The effects of L-PBF process parameters—platform preheating temperature—on the relative density, microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of printed material were evaluated. Crack-free intermetallic samples with a high relative density of 99.9% were fabricated using 900 °C preheating temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction analyses revealed a very fine microstructure consisting of lamellar α2/γ colonies, equiaxed γ grains, and retained β phase. Compressive tests showed superior properties of AM material as compared to the conventional TiAl-alloy. However, increased oxygen content was detected in MAPS powder compared to GA powder (~1.1 wt. % and ~0.1 wt. %, respectively), which resulted in lower compressive strength and strain, but higher microhardness compared to the samples produced from GA powder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy Using Gas Atomized and Mechanically Alloyed Plasma Spheroidized Powders

et al. 2020

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“…[ 1,2 ] The solid objects can be made using a variety of different materials, [ 3 ] including polymers, metals, [ 4,5 ] ceramics, [ 6 ] and composites. [ 7 ] As a result, 3D printing can be found in numerous industries and has a wide range of applications, such as in aerospace, [ 8 ] automotive, [ 9 ] aviation, [ 10,11 ] consumer products, [ 12 ] healthcare, [ 13–15 ] construction, [ 16 ] food, [ 17,18 ] and education. [ 19 ] Commonly used techniques for 3D printing include stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), multi‐jet fusion (MJF), selective laser sintering (SLS), [ 20,21 ] and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), [ 22,23 ] as well as other direct writing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Enabling Technology for Microrobotics Applications

Adam

Benouhiba

Rabenorosoa

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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This review demonstrates that 4D printing constitutes a key technology to enable significant advances in microrobotics. Unlike traditional microfabrication techniques, 4D printing provides higher versatility, more sophisticated designs, and a wide range of sensing and actuation possibilities, opening wide new avenues for the next generation of microrobots. It brings disruptive solutions in terms of variety of stimuli, workspaces, motion complexities, response time, function execution, and genuinely 3D microrobots. This review brings to light how soft and smart materials directly printed in 3D are particularly well suited for microrobotics requirements. This review gives an overview of 4D printing in microrobotics, highlighting advanced microrobotics requirements, fabrication methods, used smart materials, activation techniques, recent advances in the microrobotics field, and emerging opportunities.

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“…Lee et al [40,41], Lin et al [42] and Biamino et al [43] investigated the microstructure, compressive deformation, tensile properties, creep resistance of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in great detail. Kan et al [44] investigated the microstructural degradation of Ti-45Al-8Nb alloy and Juechter et al [45] discussed the performance optimization of Ti-45Al-4Nb-C alloy by optimizing scanning strategy and introducing heat treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Direction-Based Characterization of Microstructures and Microhardness of TA15 Titanium Alloy Produced by Electron Beam Melting

et al. 2021

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The extracted position and characterization direction of specimens have an unignorable effect on the microstructural characteristics of materials produced by electron beam melting (EBM). This study focused on the effects of extracted position and characterization direction on the microstructure, defect distribution and Vickers hardness of TA15 titanium alloy fabricated by electron beam melting. Results show that the microstructure at the bottom end of TA15 specimens is coarser and hot cracks are visible at this end. Grain morphology in longitudinal direction is columnar while that in transversal direction is chessboard-like. The results of defect analysis show that gas pores are visible in transversal direction while lack of fusion exists in longitudinal direction. The average relative density of TA15 specimens in transversal direction is higher than that in longitudinal direction. The results of energy spectrum analysis show that there is evaporation of Al during the forming process, but no elements segregation and enrichment are observed. This study provides important insights on the microstructure analysis and defect evaluation of materials made by EBM technology.

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Additive manufacturing of Ti-45Al-4Nb-C by selective electron beam melting for automotive applications

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Additive Manufacturing of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy Using Gas Atomized and Mechanically Alloyed Plasma Spheroidized Powders

Additive Manufacturing of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy Using Gas Atomized and Mechanically Alloyed Plasma Spheroidized Powders

4D Printing: Enabling Technology for Microrobotics Applications

Spatial and Direction-Based Characterization of Microstructures and Microhardness of TA15 Titanium Alloy Produced by Electron Beam Melting

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