Additive-mediated intercalation and surface modification of MXenes

Abstract

The addition of certain additives during intercalation and surface modification can result in MXene-based materials with exceptional performances.

Piezoresistive MXene/Silk fibroin nanocomposite hydrogel for accelerating bone regeneration by Re-establishing electrical microenvironment

“…1 C) also showed the nanofibril morphology, which was more obvious in the MXene-containing solution than in the pure RSF solution, indicating that MXene may accelerate the formation of RSF nanofibril structures. The directed assembly of the RSF nanofibrils on MXene in this study may be closely linked to the complex surface functional groups of MXene [ 31 ]. Time-related Raman shift spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) were obtained to investigate the interactions between Ti 3 C 2 MXene and RSF after being co-cultured for up to 72 h ( Fig.…”

A Family of 2D-MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Gas Sensing Applications

“…As a result, the delamination of the multilayers is possible to form single/few-layered MXenes. This can be obtained by either direct mechanical delamination or intercalation or both. , The requirement of intercalation is mainly due to the delamination yield obtained by mechanical delamination (shaking or sonication) being very low, while the intercalation can significantly weaken the interlayer interaction. , A wide variety of intercalation reactions are possible by introducing guest molecules or ions through intercalating agents or chemical residues from synthesis. After the intercalation of guest molecules or surface moieties, the c lattice parameter (c-LP) or d -spacing (equal to the half of c-LP numerically) value generally increases to a larger value due to swelling of the lattice triggered by intercalation, which will depend on the structural features and chemical composition of the MXenes .…”

“…In general, organic compounds are primarily used as intercalating agents in the delamination of HF-synthesized MXenes. The organic compounds mostly comprise polar organic molecules, like hydrazine monohydrate (N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O or simply HM), n -butyl amine (n-BA), N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF), urea, isopropylamine (i-PrA), choline hydroxide (ChOH), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH). , These organic compounds can cause spontaneous swelling, which lowers the binding energy between MXene layers, resulting in multilayer MXene intercalation and delamination under mild sonication. To date, Ti 2 CT x , V 2 CT x , Mo 2 CT x , Ti 3 CNT x , and Ti 4 N 3 T x , have been successfully intercalated and delaminated by TBAOH, , and Ti 3 C 2 T x and Nb 2 CT x by i-PrA. , In contrast, molecule-assisted intercalants like DMSO and water molecules were successfully applied to intercalate Ti 3 C 2 T x .…”

Advances and emerging challenges in MXenes and their nanocomposites for biosensing applications

“…88,89 Synergistic additive-mediated intercalation and chemical modications notably change the physical nature and properties of MXenes. 90 For instance, alkali cation intercalation can modify the c-LP while intercalation of small molecules (e.g., urea) delaminates the MXenes into a few layers. As discussed previously, Hart et al have pointed out that the surface termination engineering has improved the electronic conductivity of MXenes, and intercalation induces a transition from metal to semi-conductor-like transport.…”

“…88,89 Synergistic additive-mediated intercalation and chemical modifications notably change the physical nature and properties of MXenes. 90 For instance, alkali cation intercalation can modify the c -LP while intercalation of small molecules ( e.g. , urea) delaminates the MXenes into a few layers.…”