Additively manufactured 316L stainless steel with improved corrosion resistance and biological response for biomedical applications

Lodhi, M.J.K.; Deen, Kashif Mairaj; Greenlee‐Wacker, Mallary C.; Haider, Waseem

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.02.005

Cited by 144 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Sintering of the material in a nitrogen atmosphere helps to retain the nickel ions in the stainless steel [81], which would otherwise be released from implants due to local corrosion [82]. Additionally, it is necessary to carry out cell culture studies, such as cytotoxicity assays or cells imaging [83], to verify its biocompatibility. As for SLM manufactured stainless steel, biocompatibility increases when the material is coated with hydroxyapatite [84].…”

Section: Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have undergone significant progress in recent years, having been implemented in sectors as diverse as automotive, aerospace, electrical component manufacturing, etc. In the medical sector, different devices are printed, such as implants, surgical guides, scaffolds, tissue engineering, etc. Although nowadays some implants are made of plastics or ceramics, metals have been traditionally employed in their manufacture. However, metallic implants obtained by traditional methods such as machining have the drawbacks that they are manufactured in standard sizes, and that it is difficult to obtain porous structures that favor fixation of the prostheses by means of osseointegration. The present paper presents an overview of the use of AM technologies to manufacture metallic implants. First, the different technologies used for metals are presented, focusing on the main advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Considered technologies are binder jetting (BJ), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct energy deposition (DED), and material extrusion by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with metal filled polymers. Then, different metals used in the medical sector are listed, and their properties are summarized, with the focus on Ti and CoCr alloys. They are divided into two groups, namely ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Finally, the state-of-art about the manufacture of metallic implants with AM technologies is summarized. The present paper will help to explain the latest progress in the application of AM processes to the manufacture of implants.

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Section: Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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“…Among other things, surface roughness was investigated, as well as two parameters Ra and Rq , for samples from 316L steels. Moreover, its corrosion resistance in biomedical applications is presented in [ 49 ]. The structure and tendency for corrosion of selectively laser-formed, additive fused (AM) 316 L stainless steel (AM 316L SS), and its wrought counterpart were analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Printing Orientation on Surface Texture Parameters in Powder Bed Fusion Technology with 316L Steel

Kozior

Bochnia

2020

Micromachines

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Laser technologies for fast prototyping using metal powder-based materials allow for faster production of prototype constructions actually used in the tooling industry. This paper presents the results of measurements on the surface texture of flat samples and the surface texture of a prototype of a reduced-mass lathe chuck, made with the additive technology—powder bed fusion. The paper presents an analysis of the impact of samples’ orientation on the building platform on the surface geometrical texture parameters (two-dimensional roughness profile parameters (Ra, Rz, Rv, and so on) and spatial parameters (Sa, Sz, and so on). The research results showed that the printing orientation has a very large impact on the quality of the surface texture and that it is possible to set digital models on the building platform (parallel—0° to the building platform plane), allowing for manufacturing models with low roughness parameters. This investigation is especially important for the design and 3D printing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) models, where surface texture quality and printable resolution are still a large problem.

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“…The most important parameters in the manufacturing process are the laser scan strategy and energy density, which itself is determined by the laser power, scanning speed, hatching distance and layer thickness. In previous studies, the effects of processing parameters on mechanical properties such as material density, 4–6 tensile strength, 7–9 hardness 10,11 and fatigue strength 12 have been investigated to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions. It is thus well known that the formation of defects inside AM‐processed materials affects their mechanical properties, and these defects are affected by the processing parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of scanning speed on creep behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced using selective laser melting

Dao

Yoon

2020

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Increasing numbers of critical components for the aerospace and power industries are fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM). To increase the productivity of high‐temperature components by AM, the scanning speed needs to be maximized without sacrificing the required creep properties. In this study, five rectangular blocks were manufactured using selective laser melting while varying the scanning speed from 420 to 980 mm/s. Small punch creep tests were conducted at 650°C using 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm specimens machined from each block. Creep deformation and rupture life were measured. Power law creep constants were also determined. Difference of creep behaviours were explained based on the microstructures showing pore defects and the measured metal density values. A 3D response surface plot was employed to predict the creep life as a function of the scanning speed and the energy density. As a consequence, a scanning speed range of 416 to 572 mm/s is recommended to maximize productivity and to increase creep resistance.

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Additively manufactured 316L stainless steel with improved corrosion resistance and biological response for biomedical applications

Cited by 144 publications

References 73 publications

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

The Influence of Printing Orientation on Surface Texture Parameters in Powder Bed Fusion Technology with 316L Steel

Effects of scanning speed on creep behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced using selective laser melting

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