Additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced composites: State of the art and perspective

Werken, Nekoda van de; Tekinalp, Halil; Khanbolouki, Pouria; Ozcan, Soydan; Williams, Andrew D.; Tehrani, Mehran

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100962

Cited by 254 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Moreover, some researchers [9] have found that the 3D-printing process reveals a greater influence on the mechanical behaviour of the part than the reinforcement effect itself. In addition, some studies report that the highest reinforcing volumes can only be reached by using short fibres and taking into account that in AM, the mixing-printing process itself tends to result in a length shorter than the critical one [17].…”

Section: Fibre Length Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanical properties of PA12 are lower than PA6 (UTS higher than 50 MPa), which has been considered a more suitable choice for replacing metal parts [16]. Higher stiffness and strength values are obtained in PA6 than in PA12, which is more widely used in FDM research, considering the limitations on the melting temperature according to the thermal resistance of printed parts [17]. Other materials, such as ABS and PLA, have been compared to PA, but have yielded worse results [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

et al. 2020

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New technologies are offering progressively more effective alternatives to traditional ones. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance in fields related to design, manufacturing, engineering and medicine, especially in applications which require complex geometries. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is framed within AM as a technology in which, due to their layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastic polymers are used for manufacturing parts with a high degree of accuracy and minimum material waste during the process. The traditional technology corresponding to FDM is Polymer Injection Moulding, in which polymeric pellets are injected by pressure into a mould using the required geometry. The increasing use of PA6 in Additive Manufacturing makes it necessary to study the possibility of replacing certain parts manufactured by injection moulding with those created using FDM. In this work, PA6 was selected due to its higher mechanical properties in comparison with PA12. Moreover, its higher melting point has been a limitation for 3D printing technology, and a further study of composites made of PA6 using 3D printing processes is needed. Nevertheless, analysis of the mechanical response of standardised samples and the influence of the manufacturing process on the polyamide’s mechanical properties needs to be carried out. In this work, a comparative study between the two processes was conducted, and conclusions were drawn from an engineering perspective.

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Section: Fibre Length Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

et al. 2020

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“…Werken [ 24 ] examined the work performed in this fast-growing area. Specifically, the effects of fiber reinforcement on the structure and mechanical properties of 3D printing parts were investigated within the body of literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composites

et al. 2020

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites offer excellent tensile mechanical properties. The present study aimed to research the effect of process parameters on the tensile mechanical properties of 3D printing composite specimens through a series of mechanical experiments. The main printing parameters, including layer height, extrusion width, printing temperature, and printing speed are changed to manufacture specimens based on the modified fused filament fabrication 3D printer, and the tensile mechanical properties of 3D printing continuous carbon fiber-reinforced PLA composites are presented. By comparing the outcomes of experiments, the results show that relative fiber content has a significant impact on mechanical properties and the ratio of carbon fibers in composites is influenced by layer height and extrusion width. The tensile mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites gradually decrease with an increase of layer height and extrusion width. In addition, printing temperature and speed also affect the fiber matrix interface, i.e., tensile mechanical properties increase as the printing temperature rises, while the tensile mechanical properties decrease when the printing speed increases. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism on the tensile mechanical properties is that external loads subjected to the components can be transferred to the carbon fibers through the fiber-matrix interface. Additionally, SEM images suggest that the main weakness of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced 3D printing composites exists in the fiber-matrix interface, and the main failure is the pull-out of the fiber caused by the interface destruction.

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“…The idea of reinforcing 3D printed plastic with different physical forms of fillers (such as nanofiber, microfiber and chopped fiber) is a decade old, where the fillers are mixed with a polymer batch to prepare plastic filament feed for the printer [4]. However, reinforcing the polymer particularly with continuous fiber at desired location/layer to form a part was a great challenge requiring a different feed system unlike simply short fiber contained in the plastic filament [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Improved Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printing Technology

2020

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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is at the forefront of the disruptive innovations adding a new dimension in the material fabrication process with numerous design flexibilities. Especially, the ability to reinforce the plastic matrix with nanofiber, microfiber, chopped fiber and continuous fiber has put the technology beyond imagination in terms of multidimensional applications. In this technical paper, fiber and polymer filaments used by the commercial 3D printers to develop fiber-reinforced composites are characterized to discover the unknown manufacturing specifications such as fiber–polymer distribution and fiber volume fraction that have direct practical implications in determining and tuning composites’ properties and their applications. Additionally, the capabilities and limitations of 3D printing software to process materials and control print parameters in relation to print quality, structural integrity and properties of printed composites are discussed. The work in this paper aims to present constructive evaluation and criticism of the current technology along with its pros and cons in order to guide prospective users and 3D printing equipment manufacturers on improvements, as well as identify the potential avenues of development of the next generation 3D printed fiber-reinforced composites.

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Additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced composites: State of the art and perspective

Cited by 254 publications

References 82 publications

Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D Printing Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composites

The Road to Improved Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printing Technology

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