Additively Manufactured Full-Density Stainless Steel 316L With Binder Jet Printing

Do, Truong; Bauder, Tyler J.; Suen, Hawke; Rego, Kristian; Yeom, Junghoon; Kwon, Patrick

doi:10.1115/msec2018-6681

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, the specific gravity of the bulk sample was also measured and used to compute the relative density of the 3D printed parts. The relative densities of the SS316-only PC and the SS316/BN PC were measured to be 71.1% and 77.7%, respectively, and both values are significantly lower than what we obtained from our previous works (the cube samples made of SS316 and various amounts of BN had their relative densities ranging between 96–99%) [44,45]. This discrepancy can be attributed to the fine internal features of the PC design that may have trapped air bubbles for the measurement of W s,water .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Similar distortion can occur if the part is sintered at much higher temperatures. In our previous work [44,45], the optimal quantity of sintering additives at various sintering temperatures was determined to maximize the densities of SS420 and SS316 parts without noticeable distortion of the part shape. The degree of reflow and the resulting part distortion were highly sensitive to the sintering temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when two powder particles are well mixed, the BN powder occupies the interstitial spaces among the SS316 powder, effectively decreasing the porosity and improving the density. The incorporation of BN into SS316 also helps improve the surface smoothness of the fully sintered part [44,45]. The shinier (more silvery) surface of the 3D-printed PC with SS316/BN (see Figure 4b) results from the better surface quality [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Binder Jet Printed, Stainless Steel Preconcentrator as an In-Line Injector of Volatile Organic Compounds

Huang

Bauder

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A conventional approach to making miniature or microscale gas chromatography (GC) components relies on silicon as a base material and MEMS fabrication as manufacturing processes. However, these devices often fail in medium-to-high temperature applications due to a lack of robust fluidic interconnects and a high-yield bonding process. This paper explores the feasibility of using metal additive manufacturing (AM), which is also known as metal 3D printing, as an alternative platform to produce small-scale microfluidic devices that can operate at a temperature higher than that which polymers can withstand. Binder jet printing (BJP), one of the metal AM processes, was utilized to make stainless steel (SS) preconcentrators (PCs) with submillimeter internal features. PCs can increase the concentration of gaseous analytes or serve as an inline injector for GC or gas sensor applications. Normally, parts printed by BJP are highly porous and thus often infiltrated with low melting point metal. By adding to SS316 powder sintering additives such as boron nitride (BN), which reduces the liquidus line temperature, we produce near full-density SS PCs at sintering temperatures much lower than the SS melting temperature, and importantly without any measurable shape distortion. Conversely, the SS PC without BN remains porous after the sintering process and unsuitable for fluidic applications. Since the SS parts, unlike Si, are compatible with machining, they can be modified to work with commercial compression fitting. The PC structures as well as the connection with the fitting are leak-free with relatively high operating pressures. A flexible membrane heater along with a resistance-temperature detector is integrated with the SS PCs for thermal desorption. The proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that the SS PC can preconcentrate and inject 0.6% headspace toluene to enhance the detector’s response.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Binder Jet Printed, Stainless Steel Preconcentrator as an In-Line Injector of Volatile Organic Compounds

Huang

Bauder

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The binder chemistry affects the burn up phase of the sintering post-treatment. Binder chemistry is then an additional process variable to consider for this AMT [191]- [193].…”

Section: Binder Removal and Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Modeling and Simulation Techniques for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Volume I – Predicting Initial Microstructures

Nicolas

Chakraborty

Paulson

et al. 2020

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This report summarizes the current state of modeling and simulation methods for predicting the initial structure and properties of material in components assembled using advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs). The report is the first volume in a two-volume series. This first volume focuses on predicting initial microstructures of AM material. The second volume discusses predicting material properties given the initial microstructure. The focus is on technologies of particular relevance to the design and manufacture of nuclear reactor components. The purpose of the report is to help develop the technical knowledge base to support regulatory decisions that will be needed to assess nuclear components manufactured with AMTs as these components are installed at nuclear power plants (NPPs). The report develops a list of AMTs of particular interest to the NRC and summarizes the key microstructural features and corresponding processing parameters relevant to each technology. Further sections describe available physically-based and data-driven prediction methods and survey widely available software tools. The report concludes with a summary of gaps that may be of particular interest to the NRC when evaluating modeling and simulation methods for AMTs. v

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“…This has led the current focus on achieving high green densities of printed parts to be a priority for researchers, as printed green (pre-sintering) density has been shown to influence the final density in conventional powder processing (German, 1996). Attempts to influence the green density of printed parts have been made by several authors (Bai et al , 2017; Do et al , 2018; Wang and Zhao, 2017; Ziaee et al , 2017); to this end, the effect of several printing parameters on the green density of printed alumina parts has been investigated (Jimenez et al , 2019; Geuntak et al , 2020). The role of the initial green density of copper parts printed via BJ on the final density has been investigated by Kumar et al , where they were able to achieve different initial green porosity by using powders with different sizes and size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process route on powder three-dimensional-printing of metal powders

Olumor

Lee

Olevsky

2021

RPJ

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two unique processing routes (solvent jetting (SJ) and binder jetting (BJ)), on the green density of printed stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and Nickel (Ni) powders. Design/methodology/approach In the SJ processing route, a solvent is jetted unto the powder/binder mixture to selectively activate the binder, layer by layer. In the BJ processing route, a solution of the binder mixture is jetted onto the powder bed to selectively bind powder particles. The effects of printing parameters such as layer height, roller speed, shaker speed and nozzle temperature on the green density of printed components are investigated and compared for both processing routes. Findings Results show that layer height and nozzle temperature affect the relative density of the printed compact for both processing routes. Slightly higher relative densities were achieved via the SJ route, with the overall highest relative density being 42.7% at 100 µm layer height and 70% nozzle temperature for the SS316L components and 43.7% at 150 µm layer height and 90% nozzle temperature for the Ni components, respectively. Results also show an increase in the final sintered relative density with an increase in green (printed) relative density of the solvent jetted SS316L components, with the highest relative density being 87.2%. Originality/value The paper studies the influence of printing parameters on the green density of printed SS316L and Ni samples in an unprecedented effort to provide a comparative understanding of the process-property relationships in BJ and SJ of SS316L and Ni components to the additive manufacturing research community.

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Additively Manufactured Full-Density Stainless Steel 316L With Binder Jet Printing

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

A Binder Jet Printed, Stainless Steel Preconcentrator as an In-Line Injector of Volatile Organic Compounds

A Binder Jet Printed, Stainless Steel Preconcentrator as an In-Line Injector of Volatile Organic Compounds

Survey of Modeling and Simulation Techniques for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Volume I – Predicting Initial Microstructures

Effect of process route on powder three-dimensional-printing of metal powders

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