Additively manufactured metallic porous biomaterials based on minimal surfaces: A unique combination of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties

Bobbert, F.S.L.; Lietaert, Karel; Eftekhari, Ali Akbar; Pouran, Behdad; Ahmadi, S.M.; Zadpoor, Amir A.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.024

Cited by 637 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Other techniques, such as implicit surface modelling [31][32][33] and topology optimized scaffolds [18,34], are also gaining in popularity. The fabrication of such complex structures has recently become feasible with the advances in additive manufacturing [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

127

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Different unit cell designs of lattice structures used in biomedical implants. (a) CAD-based unit cells [37]; (b) Implicit surface based unit cells [34]; (c) Topology optimized unit cells [38].…”

Section: Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique relies on numerical methods to change the shape of the unit cell to satisfy the multiple objective functions required for enhanced performance. [37]; (b) Implicit surface based unit cells [34]; (c) Topology optimized unit cells [38].…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implicit-based unit cells, are sometimes referred to as triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). These minimal surfaces are based on the concept of the differential geometry of surfaces [34] and are gaining attention in bone tissue engineering as they have a mean curvature of zero, like the trabecular bone. An example of TPMS based on implicit surfaces is the gyroid and Schwartz's diamond unit cells [35].…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lattice Structures and Functionally Graded Materials Applications in Additive Manufacturing of Orthopedic Implants: A Review

Mahmoud

Elbestawi

2017

JMMP

201

117

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A major advantage of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is the ability to print customized products, which makes these technologies well suited for the orthopedic implants industry. Another advantage is the design freedom provided by AM technologies to enhance the performance of orthopedic implants. This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of the use of AM technologies to produce orthopedic implants from lattice structures and functionally graded materials. It discusses how both techniques can improve the implants' performance significantly, from a mechanical and biological point of view. The characterization of lattice structures and the most recent finite element analysis models are explored. Additionally, recent case studies that use functionally graded materials in biomedical implants are surveyed. Finally, this paper reviews the challenges faced by these two applications and suggests future research directions required to improve their use in orthopedic implants.

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“…Beyond the simpler methods described above, some authors have used the rise in rapid prototyping technology to create completely patient specific reconstruction plates and 3D print them in titanium using selective laser melting (SLM) or Electron Beam Melting (EBM) [29]. In addition to improved patient fit, researchers have shown increased strength [30], [31] and improved biocompatibility [32] are also possible with additive manufactured titanium implants.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Custom software for the 3D printing of patient specific plate bending templates in pelvic fracture repair.

Lents¹

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We produced a bending template representative of the most complex plating location on the pelvis, the posterior wall. A surgeon then accurately bent reconstruction plate to match the bending template, proving that the software produced a dimensionally accurate output.Other work has shown that the pre-bending of plates can shorten operative time, reduce blood loss, and allow for less invasive procedures. However, methods currently available for pre-bending patient specific plates involve the lengthy process of printing the patient's pelvis and then a lengthy sterilization process of the implant itself.Our method allows the template to be printed and processed in as little as 3 hours and sterilized by autoclave in less than 10 minutes.Further work needs to be done to evaluate how the process works when used in a patient case, to statistically prove that our method reduces operative time and blood loss, and show that plates bent using our method are similar between all members of the surgical team.vi

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Additively manufactured metallic porous biomaterials based on minimal surfaces: A unique combination of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties

Cited by 637 publications

References 70 publications

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Lattice Structures and Functionally Graded Materials Applications in Additive Manufacturing of Orthopedic Implants: A Review

Custom software for the 3D printing of patient specific plate bending templates in pelvic fracture repair.

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