Additives to Improve Fuel Heat Sink Capacity in Air/Fuel Heat Exchangers

Wickham, David; Engel, J.R.; Rooney, Sean; Hitch, Bradley D.

doi:10.2514/1.24336

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Taking the fuel as heat sink can significantly improve the cooling capacity of aeroengine. However, the thermal management of FCS also confronts some issues to be addressed [18]. Firstly, the variation of fuel consumption and temperature always results in the dynamically change of the cooling capacity of the heat sink.…”

Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Flowrate Control for Aeroengine and Fuel Thermal Management for Airborne System of Aircraft—An Overview

Dong

Hang

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Fuel flowrate control system and fuel thermal management are very important for aeroengine and the overall aircraft, and it has been researched for several decades. This survey paper makes a comprehensive and systematic overview on the exiting fuel flowrate regulation methods, thermal load of fuel metering units, fuel-based thermal management, and the fuel tank’s thermal management topology network with drain and recirculation. This paper firstly reviews the mechanism, technical advantages, and technical challenges of the fuel metering unit with flowrate control valve and constant pressure difference valve compensator, flowrate control valve and variable displacement pump-based pressure difference compensator, and motor-based flowrate regulation. Then, the technical characteristics of above fuel flowrate control methods related to thermal management are discussed and compared. Meanwhile, the behaviors of recirculated fuel flow within single tank system and dual tank system are explored. Thirdly, the paper discusses the future directions of fuel flowrate control and thermal management. The survey is significant to the fuel flowrate control and fuel thermal management of the aircraft.

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Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Flowrate Control for Aeroengine and Fuel Thermal Management for Airborne System of Aircraft—An Overview

Dong

Hang

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Secondly, the weight of RAHX essentially brings additional weight to the aircraft. Therefore, by using the same method as Equations (2)-(5), the exergy penalty rate caused by the weight of RAHX can be estimated by Equation (24), where the three items of the numerator are successive kinetic energy change rate, potential energy change rate and drag energy loss caused by the additional weight. At last, the total exergy penalty rate caused by using RA can be determined by Equation 25:…”

Section: Exergy Penalty Rate Of Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hou et al [23] investigated the heat transfer and thermal cracking behavior both experimentally and numerically. Wickham et al [24] increased the rate of thermal cracking reactions by using a fuel additive which allows a similar chemical endothermic process to be obtained at lower fuel temperatures. Besides, the third bypass stream presented in the adaptive cycle engine for the next generation fighter, is another potential method to solve the problem of a lack of heat sinks [25,26], which can provide ample bypass air as heat sink for the TMS [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Ability/Capacity and Exergy Penalty Analysis of Each Heat Sink of Modern Supersonic Aircraft

Mao

Wang

et al. 2019

Entropy

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The aerospace-based heat sink is defined as a substance used for dissipating heat generated by onboard heat loads. They are becoming increasingly scarce in the thermal management system (TMS) of advanced aircraft, especially for supersonic aircraft. In the modern aircraft there are many types of heat sinks whose cooling abilities and performance penalties are usually obviously different from each other. Besides, the cooling ability and performance penalty of a single heat sink is even different under different flight conditions—flight altitude, Mach number, etc. In this study, the typical heat sinks which are the fuel mass, ram air, engine fan air, skin heat exchanger, and expendable heat sink will be studied. Their cooling abilities/capacities, and exergy penalties under different flight conditions have been systematically estimated and compared with each other. The exergy penalty presented in this paper refers to the exergy loss of aircraft caused by the extra weight, drag and energy extraction of various heat sinks. The estimation models, as well as the results and discussion have been elaborated in this paper, which can be can be used to further optimize the TMS of modern advanced aircraft, for example, the layout design of various heat sinks and the improvement the control algorithm.

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“…In recent years, many studies have been performed in this particular area. The improvement effect of initiators on the heat sink capacity − and conversion rate ,− of fuel were studied experimentally. These previous experimental results demonstrated that initiators could improve the heat sink capacity and greatly accelerate the reaction rate of jet fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent experimental conditions for the initiated pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuels are summarized in Table . It can be observed that a nonflow reactor − ,, and a low flow rate with a large-diameter flow reactor − ,,,, were adopted during studies on homogeneous initiators. However, this setup is quite different from the operational conditions of the practical cooling channels in advanced aircraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Pyrolysis of n-Decane Initiated by Nitropropane under Supercritical Pressure in a Miniature Tube

Jia

Zhou

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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Adding an initiator is an effective method of promoting hydrocarbon pyrolysis and improving the heat sink of fuels. Nitropropane was proposed as an initiator with good performance, owing to its lower reaction activation energy for C–N bond cleavage. To study the effects of this initiator on hydrocarbon pyrolysis, a miniature tube reactor that can simulate a real heating procedure in an aeroengine was used to investigate the n-decane pyrolysis with and without nitropropane under experimental supercritical conditions. The results demonstrate that the nitropropane initiator promotes the pyrolysis of fuel as it flows through a tube with a large length–diameter ratio within a certain temperature range. The initial decomposition temperature of n-decane is reduced by approximately 100 K, and the increase in the conversion leads to a higher heat sink for n-decane, which can result in decreases in the fuel and reactor temperatures under the same heating condition and within the effective temperature range. A stronger promoting effect can be achieved by increasing the concentration of the nitropropane initiator. The variation laws for the n-decane pyrolysis reaction rate along the flow reactor are changed by the initiator, the presence of nitropropane greatly accelerates the pyrolysis reaction of fuel at a lower temperature, and the opposite tendency appears as the fuel temperature increases, which is caused by the consumption of the initiator. In addition, the selectivity of methane, propane, and alkenes, especially ethylene, increases because of the propyl radical generated by the C–N dissociation of nitropropane before the initiator is consumed.

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Additives to Improve Fuel Heat Sink Capacity in Air/Fuel Heat Exchangers

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Fuel Flowrate Control for Aeroengine and Fuel Thermal Management for Airborne System of Aircraft—An Overview

Fuel Flowrate Control for Aeroengine and Fuel Thermal Management for Airborne System of Aircraft—An Overview

Cooling Ability/Capacity and Exergy Penalty Analysis of Each Heat Sink of Modern Supersonic Aircraft

Experimental Investigation on Pyrolysis of n-Decane Initiated by Nitropropane under Supercritical Pressure in a Miniature Tube

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