Addressing BOD&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt; Limitations through TOC Correlations - A International Investigation

Nutt, Stephen G.; Tran, John; Vriezen, Chris; Fuga, Graham; Zaleski, Allan; Miot, Alexandre; Pagilla, Krishna; Lee, Max; Ross, Maureen; Palmer, Tony

doi:10.2175/193864713813674144

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Combining influent and effluent data was a necessary step in this study and will likely be a necessary step for most wastewater treatment plants; however, this resulted in a bimodal distribution of data with two distinct peaks. In studies investigating the relationship between BOD and TOC, linear regression on combined influent and effluent data was most often the method implemented (Christian et al, 2016;Groenveld, 2013;Nutt et al, 2013); however, as shown in this study, the residuals from the simple linear regression of BOD 5 and CBOD 5 with TOC were not normally distributed, which violated a key assumption for linear models. The R 2 of a linear regression model is the measure of variance explained by that model and the metric most often reported as a measure of the quality of a regression model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Total organic carbon is a nonspecific measurement of organic carbon present in a sample determined by using a TOC analyser, which oxidizes organic carbon to measurable CO 2 (Martínez‐Rosa, 2012). Measuring TOC in lieu of BOD for wastewater monitoring has many advantages including a shorter test time, better reproducibility, elimination of mercury reagents, and application for automated wastewater process control (Assmann et al, 2017; Constable & McBean, 1979; Nutt et al, 2013). There is strong interest in substituting BOD with TOC for water quality monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring TOC in lieu of BOD for wastewater monitoring has many advantages including a shorter test time, better reproducibility, elimination of mercury reagents, and application for automated wastewater process control (Assmann et al, 2017;Constable & McBean, 1979;Nutt et al, 2013). There is strong interest in substituting BOD with TOC for water quality monitoring.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of statistical methods for converting biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand to total organic carbon in wastewater

Brose

Pluth

Grunwald

et al. 2022

Water & Environment J

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The 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and carbonaceous BOD 5 (CBOD 5 ) tests are widely used parameters for monitoring wastewater. Total organic carbon (TOC) has many advantages over these tests. Wastewater utilities have conducted studies to modify National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits to allow TOC analysis; however, statistical methods vary across studies. This study examined parametric and nonparametric correlation and parametric, nonparametric, and nonlinear regression methods for analysing BOD 5 , CBOD 5 , and TOC concentrations collected for 1 year from seven wastewater treatment plants from the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. Spearman ρ correlation and Theil-Sen regression on log-transformed concentrations were the most appropriate methods. Correlation coefficients were 0.83 or greater and regression residuals were as small as or smaller than the other two methods. This study demonstrated that nonparametric methods performed best for analysing non-normal data in seeking to incorporate TOC analysis into NPDES reporting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of statistical methods for converting biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand to total organic carbon in wastewater

Brose

Pluth

Grunwald

et al. 2022

Water & Environment J

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“…Finally, turbidity changed from 10 to 5 NTU with the new regulation. 1 Calculated by Nutt et al [93], the correlation between 5 day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).…”

Section: Regulatory Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture

et al. 2021

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The water–development nexus is essential for the advancement and progress of cities in the face of problems such as climate change, water security and increasing environmental stress in the agricultural sector. Aiming for a circular economy and, at the same time, improving the resilience of water supply alternatives and achieving a goal of zero waste, this work presents a technical–economic study of a novel continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) system with self-cleaning capacity coupled to an ozonation process, for the treatment of urban WWTP effluent. The removal efficiencies achieved were analysed both through macroscopic parameters (suspended solids, turbidity) and for the most frequently occurring contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Consequently, an effluent suitable for irrigation was obtained, with a total recovery factor of 97.92%, a concentration of suspended solids (SS) below 1 mg L−1, 0.06 NTU turbidity and toxicity free, complying with the new European Regulation on Water Reuse (EU 2020/741). A comparative analysis of the proposed process with regard to conventional tertiary treatment revealed that the proposed process was 39.1% more economic, with a cost of 0.0325 € m−3. This alternative treatment will be of great interest because of its favourable technical–economic characteristics, being postulated as a basic process for implementation in modern water reuse plants.

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Addressing BOD<SUB>5</SUB> Limitations through TOC Correlations - A International Investigation

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of statistical methods for converting biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand to total organic carbon in wastewater

Assessment of statistical methods for converting biochemical oxygen demand and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand to total organic carbon in wastewater

Water Reuse Study from Urban WWTPs via c-Ultrafiltration and Ozonation Technologies: Basis for Resilient Cities and Agriculture

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