Addressing cross-border environmental displacement: when can international treaties help?

The effects of treaty legality and domestic institutional hurdles on environmental treaty ratification

“…Moreover, given the observed variation in participation in MEAs despite the generally high incentives to free ride, it is important to better understand the factors that motivate countries to enter into legally binding commitments at the international level. Most of the existing literature on the ratification of international agreements concentrates on the formal process of designing and establishing international agreements (Koremenos et al 2001;, on the effects of ratification for international cooperation (Martin 2000;Rosendorff and Milner 2001;Simmons 2009), and on the impact of political and economic globalization, networks, environmental vulnerability, political regimes, and environmental groups on ratification behavior (Beron et al 2003;Congleton 1992;Fredriksson and Gaston 2000;Fredriksson and Ujhelyi 2006;Neumayer 2002a, b;Roberts et al 2004;von Stein 2008;Simmons 2009;Bernauer et al 2010;Perrin and Bernauer 2010;Bernauer et al 2013a, b;Subramanian and Urpelainen 2013).…”