“…Due to their wide range of clinical applications and excellent therapeutic efficacy, researchers strive to exploit secondary metabolites as a novel source in drug discovery [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. Extensive research has been performed to identify novel agents from natural sources such as plants, fruits, vegetables, extracts, and biomolecules to develop effective and natural therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating various cancers because cancer led to nearly 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths, and its incidence is increasing daily [ 6 ]. According to cancer statistics for 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States [ 7 ].…”