“…1–3 This is especially true in industries like construction, transportation, maritime, and oil and gas, where the integrity of metal structures is crucial to safety, usefulness, and lifespan. 4,5 The electrochemical process of corrosion, which occurs when metals deteriorate due to interactions with surrounding elements, endangers the structural integrity and aesthetic value of metals and results in large financial losses. 6–9 Globally, corrosion is thought to cost billions of dollars every year.…”