Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample

Rzewnicki, Randall; Auweele, Yves Vanden; Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse De

doi:10.1079/phn2002427

Cited by 409 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The smallest discrepancy reported was an under-estimate by the IPAQ-SF of 28 percent, yet most of these studies reported an over-estimate by the IPAQ-SF and showed considerable variability and the overall mean over-estimate in these studies was 106 percent. Over-reporting of physical activity by the IPAQ-SF is not uncommon [50], and it remains a key limitation of most self-reported measures of physical activity [51]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

Lee

Macfarlane

Lam

et al. 2011

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

2,350

1,632

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BackgroundThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) has been recommended as a cost-effective method to assess physical activity. Several studies validating the IPAQ-SF have been conducted with differing results, but no systematic review of these studies has been reported.MethodsThe keywords "IPAQ", "validation", and "validity" were searched in PubMed and Scopus. Studies published in English that validated the IPAQ-SF against an objective physical activity measuring device, doubly labeled water, or an objective fitness measure were included.ResultsTwenty-three validation studies were included in this review. There was a great deal of variability in the methods used across studies, but the results were largely similar. Correlations between the total physical activity level measured by the IPAQ-SF and objective standards ranged from 0.09 to 0.39; none reached the minimal acceptable standard in the literature (0.50 for objective activity measuring devices, 0.40 for fitness measures). Correlations between sections of the IPAQ-SF for vigorous activity or moderate activity level/walking and an objective standard showed even greater variability (-0.18 to 0.76), yet several reached the minimal acceptable standard. Only six studies provided comparisons between physical activity levels derived from the IPAQ-SF and those obtained from objective criterion. In most studies the IPAQ-SF overestimated physical activity level by 36 to 173 percent; one study underestimated by 28 percent.ConclusionsThe correlation between the IPAQ-SF and objective measures of activity or fitness in the large majority of studies was lower than the acceptable standard. Furthermore, the IPAQ-SF typically overestimated physical activity as measured by objective criterion by an average of 84 percent. Hence, the evidence to support the use of the IPAQ-SF as an indicator of relative or absolute physical activity is weak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

Lee

Macfarlane

Lam

et al. 2011

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

2,350

1,632

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most studies indicate over-reporting of EE 15 . However, in a study with a high degree of overreporting, it was not possible to identify any common characteristics of the individuals who over-report 16 . Misreporting of EE could be due to misreporting of frequency, intensity or duration of activity; however, this has not been much studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Rasmussen¹,

Matthiessen²,

Biltoft-Jensen³

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To characterise misreporters of energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Design: Cross-sectional study, using a validated position and motion instrument, ActiReg w , as the reference method to study misreporters of EI and of EE. EI was measured using a dietary record and EE using a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). Misreporters were defined as subjects outside the 95% confidence limits of agreement between EI or EE reported/EE measured. Setting: Free-living Danish volunteers. Subjects: One hundred and thirty-eight volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years. Results: Body mass index, smoking, 'try to eat healthily' and worries about weight were related to degree of under-reported EI. The percentage energy from added sugar was lowest (P , 0.001) and the percentage energy from protein (P , 0.001) highest in under-reporters compared with acceptable reporters. Subjects who reported being very physically active at work or in leisure time reported a higher EE than measured EE compared with less physically active subjects (P , 0.05). Likewise, subjects who regard themselves as fit or very fit reported a higher EE than subjects who regard themselves as moderately fit (P , 0.05). Possible over-reporters reported less time as very light activity (P ¼ 0.007), more time as moderate activity (P ¼ 0.01) and more time as vigorous activity (P ¼ 0.02) than acceptable reporters. Conclusions: Under-reporting of EI should always be taken into consideration; however, only a few characteristics of under-reporters are consistent among studies. Misreporting of EI was more prevalent than misreporting of EE. The level of physical activity more than the time spent involved in various activities was misreported. Keywords Dietary records Energy intake Energy expenditure Physical activity MisreportingUnder-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a common problem in dietary studies. Characteristics of underreporters have been investigated in a number of studies using various methods, but the results have not been consistent. The most common finding is a relationship between increased under-reporting and increased body mass index (BMI). This relationship is found in most 1 -4 but not all 5,6 studies. However, a relationship with body fat is not always found; in a study in women, a relationship between percentage body fat and under-reporting was not found, although a relationship with BMI was found 2 , whereas in another study the opposite relationships were found 6 . Under-reporting has been found to increase with increasing age 1,3,7 and to be more frequent in women than in men 5 -7 . However, in Denmark, this trend has not been identified recently 8 . Other characteristics of underreporters are less frequently identified. Smokers have been found to under-report EI less frequently than non-smokers 1,7,9 , although this finding has not been consistent 10 . Furthermore, educational level has been associated with under-reporting, but both a high and a low educational level has been related to under-reporting, and many stud...

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“…However, accurate and reliable measurement of dietary intake and physical activity at the population level is challenging, particularly in developing countries (2,3) . Various techniques, employing questionnaires, records or objective measurements, have been applied for the assessment of dietary intake and physical activity.…”

Section: Dietary Energy Intake Total Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, estimates of PAL, obtained through a physical activity questionnaire, may be used to evaluate the validity of reported energy intake in the same subject and to identify subjects with a tendency to under-report energy intake (13) . On the other hand, some studies have indicated that self-reported instruments have a tendency towards over-reporting of physical activity (2,15) owing to the influence of social desirability and social approval (16) .Methods of assessing energy intake and expenditure have been widely studied in the developed world (17,18) …”

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confidence: 99%

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Concurrent comparison of energy intake and expenditure among adults in Butajira District, Ethiopia

Tesfaye

Byass

Wall

2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To estimate and compare dietary energy intake (DEI) and total energy expenditure (TEE) among adults, using questionnaires. Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study. Setting: Community-based, at the demographic surveillance site (DSS) in Butajira District of Ethiopia. Subjects: A total of 619 adults, 18-64 years of age, were randomly selected from among the urban and rural population of Butajira using the DSS sampling frame. Habitual dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using questionnaires. BMR was estimated using a regression equation, and TEE was calculated from BMR and the metabolic energy equivalent task (MET) and duration of reported activities. Physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE/BMR, while food intake level (FIL) was calculated as DEI/BMR. The mean DEI:TEE ratio was used to evaluate reported DEI at the population level, while individual misreporters were identified by applying the Goldberg cut-off points at three levels of PAL. Results: Based on the Goldberg method, 57 % of the study participants were identified as acceptable reporters of DEI, among whom mean TEE was 8?21 (95 % CI 8?01, 8?42) MJ (1963 (95 % CI 1914, 2012) kcal), mean DEI was 8?13 (95 % CI 7?93, 8?34) MJ (1944 (95 % CI 1895) kcal) and mean DEI:TEE was 1?01 (95 % CI 0?99, 1?04). Conclusion:The dietary history and physical activity questionnaires provide comparable estimates of mean energy intake and expenditure at a population level. Acceptable reporters have to be identified in order to obtain better estimates. Questionnaire-based estimates of energy intake should not be interpreted without an inherent system of comparison or validation. Keywords Dietary energy intake Total energy expenditurePhysical activity level ButajiraPoor diet and physical inactivity are widely prevalent risk factors of chronic diseases such as CVD and diabetes (1) . However, accurate and reliable measurement of dietary intake and physical activity at the population level is challenging, particularly in developing countries (2,3) . Various techniques, employing questionnaires, records or objective measurements, have been applied for the assessment of dietary intake and physical activity. However, only a few, such as the doubly labelled water (DLW) method (4) , have proved sufficiently precise and unbiased for the estimation of energy expenditure and for the validation of dietary energy intake (DEI) (5,6) . Although the DLW method provides an accurate estimation of the mean DEI and physical activity level (PAL), its use in large epidemiological surveys is limited owing to scarcity of the stable isotope and its inhibitory cost (7) .Dietary intake is reported inaccurately, most often under-reported (8) . The DLW method has been used to measure energy expenditure and validate energy intake calculated from food records, diet recalls or diet histories in several studies (9)(10)(11)(12) , thereby revealing a substantial bias towards underestimation of reported energy intake. Under-reporting of energy expenditure is said t...

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Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample

Cited by 409 publications

References 11 publications

Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Concurrent comparison of energy intake and expenditure among adults in Butajira District, Ethiopia

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