Addressing Schistosomiasis in a Community in Nigeria: A Theoretical Approach

J, Anyanti; Akuiyibo, Selema; Onuoha, O; Nwokolo, Ernest; Atagame, K; Braide, EI

doi:10.23937/2643-461x/1710044

Cited by 2 publications

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“…There are two major forms of schistosomiasis, urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium, and intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by S. mansoni, that are commonly reported in Nigeria. Urogenital schistosomiasis is most widely reported in Nigeria, affecting individuals living in most rural, underprivileged urban or peri-urban settings with limited access to clean water, inadequate sanitation, and hygiene services [3][4][5]. The disease is also commonly found in fishing and agricultural dominant communities where direct interactions with water increase the risk of contracting the disease [6,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Endemic status of urogenital schistosomiasis and the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel treatment in unmapped rural farming communities in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Odaibo,

Komolafe,

Olajumoke

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria, and the treatment is largely concentrated on children enrolled in schools. Consequently, the coverage of non-enrolled school-aged children is often neglected. Ajagba and Awosan are two communities in Nigeria that have never had any control intervention. Hence, this survey was designed to determine the endemicity of urogenital schistosomiasis and to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel in the communities. Methods Urine sample (10 mL) of each participant from Ajagba and Awosan communities was filtered through 12μm polycarbonate filter. The filter was placed on a microscope slide, and stained with a drop of 1% Lugol iodine solution. The stained slides were examined under the microscope and the numbers of S. haematobium eggs were counted. Water contact sites were searched for snail hosts and the snails collected were shed for Schistosoma cercariae. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and the significance level was set at 95%. Results The overall prevalence of infection in the Ajagba community was 45.6% with a mean intensity of 61.1 ± 144.5 eggs/10 mL of urine, while the prevalence of infection in the Awosan community was 5.7% with a mean intensity of 1.4 ± 6.8 eggs/10 mL of urine. The school-aged children had a prevalence and mean intensity of infection of 73.1% and 111.6 ± 177.9 eggs/10 mL of urine, respectively. Following treatment, women had a higher egg reduction rate than men (p = 0.0283). Bulinus globosus were found in Ajagba but not in Awosan, with 5.7% shedding Schistosoma spp, cercariae. Conclusion Urogenital schistosomiasis was hyperendemic in the Ajagba community, and hypoendemic in the Awosan community. The presence of Bulinus globosus supported the transmission of the schistosomiasis in the Ajagba community. Communities where schistosomiasis is still actively transmitted in Nigeria should be identified for effective intervention through the MDA programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic status of urogenital schistosomiasis and the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel treatment in unmapped rural farming communities in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Odaibo,

Komolafe,

Olajumoke

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The disease causes economic and health inconveniences for patients and communities where it is endemic, and Nigeria is the most schistosomiasis-endemic African nation. Nigeria has an overall prevalence of 9.5% with about 24 million persons at risk of schistosomiasis (Anyanti et al, 2021). In 2000, WHO estimated the annual death rate at 200,000 globally.…”

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Occurrence of Significant Bacteriuria Among Schistosomiasis Positive Individuals in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Oyedeji¹,

Idris²,

Agunbiade³

et al. 2023

AIJNAS

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Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. The most impacted countries are those in Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for nearly 90% of the world’s estimated 236.6 million cases. The study was aimed at investigating the occurrence of significant bacteriuria among schistosomiasis positive individuals in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Two hundred and forty-fourindividuals living in riparian areas of Ekiti statewere enlisted for the study. Urine samples were collected from the participants and examined microscopically for presence of Schistosoma eggs, followed by urinalysis and bacteriological investigations. Schistosoma eggs were detected in 35 (14.34%) of the 244 urine samples, while significant bacteriuria was recorded in 16 (6.56%) of the samples. Out of the 16 significant-bacteriuria positive samples only 3 (18.75%) were observed to have Schistosoma eggs; while significant-bacteriuria was recorded in 3 (8.57%) of the 35 schistosomiasis positive individuals. The bacteriuria was found to be significantly associated with proteinuria (χ2=25.055; p<0.001) and leukocyturia (χ2=16.011; p<0.001). The bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus cereus, Kurthia gibsoni, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, among others. The Gram-negative bacterial isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamycin (100%), Tetracycline (85.7%) and Chloramphenicol (78.6%); while the Gram-positive bacterial isolates gave high susceptibility to Gentamycin (84.8%) and Ciprofloxacin (76.1%). Most of the bacteria isolated in this study have been reported to be associated urinary tract infection, except Kurthia gibsoni which has been found to spread from animal to a human by zoophilic sexual intercourse. A case of Schistosomiasis with positive proteinuria and leukocyturia should be taken as UTI and treated accordingly.

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Addressing Schistosomiasis in a Community in Nigeria: A Theoretical Approach

Cited by 2 publications

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Endemic status of urogenital schistosomiasis and the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel treatment in unmapped rural farming communities in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Endemic status of urogenital schistosomiasis and the efficacy of a single-dose praziquantel treatment in unmapped rural farming communities in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Occurrence of Significant Bacteriuria Among Schistosomiasis Positive Individuals in Ekiti State, Nigeria

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